Social Sciences – Eritrean Liberal Democrat

The Ancient Pharaoh’s family of Egypt and Blin of Eritrea: Unbroken family lineage & their powerful Symbolic ring – Telal(ተላል)

The beauty of Agaw people in Eritrea as well as in Ethiopia is so remarkable that every time you spent searching about them, some great secrets are revealed. Of course, the horn of Africa has been a victim of foreign invaders and the history is full of distortions. Nevertheless, there are practices that have transcended all these challenges that enable the Agaws to tell their ancient history without ambiguity.

Based on the language they speak, the people of East Africa, especially Eritrea, has been referred to as “majority (more than 80%) Semitic.” Because of this, they have been considered as people who immigrated from the Arab Peninsula simply because of the language they are now speaking. To make their argument eminent, some western Anthropologists and Arab theologians and Pseudo-historians, they categorized Tigrigna and Tigrait languages in the Semitic Linguistic family group and then they applied it to the people. For a naive person or people with little information, such arguments might seem factual. However, it is simply a lie.

This carefully designed lie is then used to distort the history of the people. Many history books were produced, exclusively written by foreigners to serve their purpose. And this was done with a grand objective to colonize the people. Today, it is difficult to get an authenticated history that can tell the truth about the horn of Africa in general and Eritrea in particular.

Worse, the elites who grew up being educated by these foreigner’s prepared materials believed it without a doubt which later these elites themselves started to teach for the Eritreans using the same distorted books.

When ignorance is at its peak, it is hard to differentiate the truth from a lie. Hence, you believe what you are told even when it is about you. This is the current reality of Eritreans about the so-identified as “Semitic people”. Not only this, even those who are still speaking their Kushitic language have been brainwashed by religious theologians to believe they are also Semitic which became an integral part of the community only through integration with the ancient local people. Sadly, there is little or no information about the so-called, “native local people”. And the irony is they are the native people who are being lectured as such as if they are aliens to their own land.

But not everything is gone. Contrary to what was planned by the invaders, there are very few ancient people in Eritrea and Ethiopia who managed to preserve their original cultural and traditional identity. Among these Kushitic people are the Agaws of Eritrea and Ethiopia.

The Agaws of the horn of Africa

As history recorded it, the Agaws of the horn of Africa has been subjected to persecution and discrimination for centuries. They became victims of local and alien warlords. They were forced to change their religion, speak another language, give their land. Not only this, they have been treated like slaves and discriminated against any social activities.

But luckily, very brave but few families have managed to keep some of the secret symbols of their ancestors – The Pharaohs.

The Blin People and their Prestigious Symbolic Ring – Telal – ተላል

As you can see in the picture below, it is an ancient archeological discovery of the Pharaoh’s painting which shows how they used to wear their costume. The young man has a ring in his ear which is shining. And the young woman has a ring but not as shining as that of the man. As ancient Egyptians were rich in Gold, most probably, the ring in the man’s is gold. In addition, the man and the woman are dressed well.,This could mean their wedding ceremony.

This painting is a perfect fit for what is in practice in today’s Eritrea among the Bilen speaking communities – specifically among the family of Tarqe Tribe.

As you can see below, it is a photo I am allowed to use by my good friend. As you can see in his (their) wedding photo, it is a seems a replica of the ancient practice. This is what I have been watching in the ears of the bridegroom in my home village. But, I never knew its real meaning except for some explanations about its meaning. Unfortunately, what I used to hear was more of a special practice for a selected group of family. Such tales never crossed my mind as they were more of discriminatory than a genuine culture. Such distorted meanings were creating some kind of social tensions among the Bilen speaking communities of Eritrea. Sometimes, the tensions were extended into the politics of pride and identity.

But now, all that I have been listening just got cleared from, my mind after seeing the ancient painting of the Egyptians. I know the Blien people of Eritrea belong to the Kushitic thereby related with the Egyptians in many cases. But, I had no such strong conviction that the Blin have still preserved their ancient practices. This is the moment where the whole secret of my people just came to be revealed.

As you can see in the figure above, the ring in the ear of the Bridegroom is one of the remarkable and well preserved traditional symbols which signifies a unique status of a newly married man. It is made from gold.

The bridegroom puts the ring in his one ear almost starting from one week before the wedding day and continues to wear it for the whole honeymoon period. Though these days it may vary depending on the area you live in and your work, normally the wedding and its honeymoon period among the Blin people lasts for about two to three months.

The bridegroom is considered as a king during these special days of his life and all his families give a respect like a king. And, the bride is like a queen.

Of course, my objective is not to discuss the culture of a wedding. My focus is on the ring.

In Bilen language, the ring is called “Telal- ተላል”. It is a very light golden ring prepared by goldsmith experts. Its weight may vary depending on, how much the bridegroom can afford to buy. In general, it is from 10 – 15 grams or 1/2 oz.

Comparing these two photos, it is not difficult to conclude that this practice has existed for thousands of years starting from ancient Egypt – the era of Pharaohs until today. I am not sure if Egyptians still wear that tradition. Like the ancient people of Egyp which are called the Kemant(please check the youtube link), the same people are still living in Ethiopia. And, the Blin people of Eritrea are direct descendants of these family. They have started to live in different areas because of migration after the fall of the Zagwe Dynasty. The Kemant of Ethiopia are still speaking their ancient language – Bilen but with a different accent from Bilen of Eritrea.

I am not sure if Kemant and other Agaws(likebQuara, Awli, etc.) of Ethiopia are wearing a ring during their wedding. On the Eritrean side – there are these ancient and indigenous people of the Bilen- who still practice it in different forms.

Among the Bilen speaking Agaws, not all of them wear the ring. I do not know why but those who put the ring in their ears are the direct descendants of Bet Tarqe(except Bet Debru of Edirba) – see the family tree. It is wonderfull to see the Descendants of Bet Tarque have preserved this ancient Hamatic and or Kushitic culture.

Though it is out of the scope of this article, it is believed that Bet Tarqe have also preserved the original form of Bilen language. But this claim has some controversies as there were other indigenous Bilen speaking communities who used to live in today’s Eritrea before Bet Tarqe settled in its current are. The Bilen language is believed to be the language of the Pharaohs.

Though these days the meaning of wearing the ring seems somehow adulterated, its actual practice says everything. There is no doubt that its true meaning is as pure as it serves its purpose today. It is a symbol that indicates the status of the bridegroom in his community. During the wedding days, the Blind people treat a bridegroom like a king. This kind of treatment is in practice among all the Blin communities. But, Bet Tarqe express it not only in practice but by providing him with a gold ring to be put in his ear during these special days.

Misconceptions about the Ring

There is some misconception among other families of Bilen speaking communities about this special ring. This could be because of the knowledge gap created after hundreds of years of migration and separation. The practice has existed for more than 5000 years. Though the Kushite people had their own civilization, the last one thousand years were really a challenge for their existence. They were exposed to different religion, culture, language. Not only this, but they were also victims of powerful invaders. This led them to leave their center and flee in all directions. Because of these, they might have abandoned some of their ancient cultures including their traditional wedding practice. Maybe those who managed to preserve it could have more power to claim ownership or as guardians of the ancient culture once the more victimized people started to join them after a prolonged separation.

The good thing is, history is a judge when there is the time of confusion. And, we know how this practice existed for centuries. And, all the Agaws are proud to agree on their common ancestral lineage. This makes an easy reconciliation for whatever misinterpretation exists.

As this practice is very ancient a strong identity traceability proofs, I hope everybody from the Agaw family of Eritrea will re-introduce this unique tradition and create the missing link with their ancestors.

I am sure the Kemant of Agaw people in Ethiopia are still keeping this tradition as they are the closest people to today’s Bilen speaking Agaws in Eritrea.

I am proud to learn that my mother’s family line has kept this tradition until today. My father’s line, though they are Agaws – descendants from Saqota, I can see they have lost their ancient culture. I don’t know what is the reason for not re-introducing it once they met with their brothers in Senhit. I will be glad if any from Adi-Beynu helps me to know why we did not start to wear that ring while we recovered all other cultures, including the Bilen language.

The majority of the Tigrait and Tigrigna speaking communities of Eritrea are direct descendants of the Agaws. For example – the Seraye and Hamasien people are majority Agaws. I am not sure if any Agaw descendants of highland Eritrea practice such cultures. For example – the Adkeme-Milga of Seraye is closely related with Bet-Tawqe. But, I do not think they have kept this practice with them.

Conclusion

As a liberal Democrat, I believe that the Cultural Renaissance is very important for human freedom and dignity. Human Being feels more secured when he knows himself very well. And to know yourself, culture plays a vital role. The ring is a strong evidence about many things that concerns the horn of Africa. Therefore, more work needs to be done to preserve this wonderful cultural heritage.

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Many thanks to my dear friend and uncle Berhane Fisseha for giving me permission to use his wedding photo.

Eritrean People – The Beni Amir Tribe

Beni Amir Tribe is one of the largest tribal confederation founded by Amir Kunu in the 16thC. It was an association of more than 20 clans which were living in the Barka region of Eritrea.

Figure 1: Families within the Confederation of Beni Amir Tribes

The two most important city centers they had were Akordat and Kassala(currently within Sudan).

Most of the tribes confederated within the Beni Amir leadership were living in the Barka region though they were directly associated with those of Sahel, Senhit and Hamasien.

For example, one of the most important historical figure of the early Eritrean politics, Sheik Ibrahim Sultan, the founder of Al-Rabita Al-Islamia political party belongs to the Rigbat family of Sahel. The same clan is also associated with Beni Amir and identifies itself as Rigbat Barka.

Other clans associated with those of Sahel are Almada, Bet Ma’ala and Asfada.

Ad’Hashela arerelated with the now Bilen speaking families found in Senhit, probabily a family that migrated from Keren and found its settlement there.

Some families within Beni Amir also associate themselves with Zaul of Hamasien though they are not directly refered by.

The Funj (1504 – 1761) and Ja’alin of Sudan had a strong relationship with the Beni Amir people. Their align continued until 1821. This year marks the end of Funj Kingdom in Sudan and Egyptian conquest of the Kassala region. Beni Amir continued their alliance with the then Egyptian controled Sudan and helped Egypt in the conquest of Eritrea by the Egyptians.

During Italian conquest of Eritrea, Beni Amir aligned with Italy in fear of Mahdi. This helped Italy to consolidate its power in the Barka region. Beni Amir formed a strong bond with the Italians.

Another notable historical figure of the Beni Amir tribe was Hamid Idris Awate, commonly identified as Awate. Awate was a member of the Italian Army, trained in Italy and served in the army until Italian defeat of WWII(1935 – 1941). On September 01, 1961; Awate became the chosen man to start the armed struggle. Now, he is remembered as a HERO and Father of the Eritrean Armed Struggle that ended in 1991.

Other notable figures from Beni Amir is Idris Mohammed Adem. Idris Mohammed Adem was member of the 1952 formed Eritrean Assembly. On July 1960, he and other Eritreans established Eritrean Liberation Front(ELF). Idris Mohammed Adem was the official Chairman/President of ELF until 1975.

Therefore, Beni Amir have a very important role in the history of Eritrea.

Currently, most of the Beni Amir people are living in Sudan as refugees. But, now, they have full rights to have Sudanese citizenship and are playing an important role in the East Sudanese political influence.

Though the founder of Beni Amir tribe, Amir Kunu, was originally from Nabtab of the Beja speaking family, due to the influence of those other joint clans, Tigrait became the dominant language. Now, Beni Amir speak mostly Tigrait. Arabic has also an important role in their daily life.

Under the current Eritrean administration system and social groupings, Beni Amir Tribe is part of the Tigre ethnic group. This social groupings is not welcomed by the people.

Figure 2: The existing Social groupings system, the so called Ethnic groups

As a Liberal Democrat, my objective is to dissolve the ethnic classification system and the customary law that unites the tribes thereby creating a free atmosphere of family based society which can promote its history and territory. I would prefer Civic Associations replace the pre-existing Tribal system. Tribal system is unity of local people to form local governments by forming a legal system which is unique for them. These kind of clustering served before Eritrea was formed as a united sovereign country. Hence, only one law should serve the country equally without differentiating between the citizens.

My Life

on January 24, 2014, I posted in my facebook page a diagram of under a title “My Life” as provided in the figure below. This diagram was an illustration of my thinking about my life and how I framed my life after years of search and contemplation in a more abstruct way of manifestation of my inner self.

The post has generated about 112 comments during my exchange with great thinkers that I know in person and via my facebook discussion. About 10 people engaged in the discussion which has enriched my thinking about my own life.

After four years, in this early 2018, I revisted my post if there is any evolution or short comings. It is a still a refreshing reflection and what I had in my thinking has just gone deeper in each strata without changing the whole framework. I don’t know what will change in the near future but today what miight have changed is my knowledge and an approach of critical thinking. Otherwise, what I had looks in perfect order as it was before.

To share what was discussed, I am here reproducing what was written. It is one way of documenting my thinkings.

For those who are reading this, I hope you will see me more as you do right now. Enjoy it.

Discussion

Samson Maekele: Kemey zibelet CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK dea ela ezia. Beal Berhane Aradom Sertseyonas Negash Biyan Ghebreyesus and Tuemzghi axdikoma dyom?kkkkkkk

Tesfabirhan Redie: kkkkkkkkkkkk, Sami arkey, do I need approval of my life? hhhhahahahahahaha

Samson Maekele: kkkkkkkkkkk I guess one represents each one of your big components…..I hope you don’t want me to spell it…kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

Tesfabirhan REDIE: How about if they can be combined to give the whole life?

Berhane Aradom: I would agree somehow!

Samson Maekele: That’s what I was talking about….u got one (probably the philosophical ) blessing now…kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

Berhane Aradom: However, philosophy is the forefather of all things. I am wondering if he can provide a clear demarcation. That thing he called religion is byproduct of human failure. Shocking to read belief is his dome. I could infer that it is because of religion.

Samson Maekele: He has forgot the most important thing….HAPINESS/JOY at the top of the pyramid..kkkkkkkkkkkk

Berhane Aradom: Sam, I am talking about the skeleton, not the flesh part. In this pyramid, the flesh part, such as happiness, joy and others, have no place.I would love to put it otherwise.

Samson Maekele: I can see ur point

Tesfabirhan REDIE: I think happines is within my belief. If I trust, I love, what is more left to be showered by happiness?

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Brhin, I tried to bring my phillosophy above my belief, I failed. But, it came above religion.

And in some years of my life I tried to remove bliefs and religion. But I found myself ……………….., you want me to say it? let me philosophize on my philosophy. kkkkkkkk

Berhane Aradom: Tesfie, repudiate all. gather courage..if religion or belief were important or meant for you, you would have born with them.

Tesfabirhan REDIE: I did Brhin and I formatted my self if really they were important to me. In fact, neither I searched my belief nor did I journeyed from one religion to another. My belief was there, Alpfa-Omega, but I got a chance to choose religion. And this makes my philosophy to be above my religion.

Berhane Aradom: you are enough. what else do you want?

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Brhane, did I say I want something? All is within me. I am the existing Tesfie!

Berhane Aradom: yah, you wrote it. All these stuffs on the pyramid are not part of you…

Tesfabirhan REDIE: kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk, Brhin, Master of masters!

Berhane Aradom: yekeniyelna, ab hagos yimeles.kkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

Selemawit Tesfamariam: Er there relatives with Abraham Maslovs pyramid?

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Sister Selamawit, It is just my curiosity to put my life in a conceptual form, I don’t know Abraham Maslovs pyramid, but, if it happened to be similar, I may just be stunned of surprise. I believe on thinking coincidence. And this happened a lot in history. When two people put their ideas of more in a similar way. But, this is purely my life. I respect Intellectual property. No plagiarism!

Biyan Ghebreyesus: kkkkkkkkk if you frame with assumption said by socrates ‘I will never fear or avoid a possible good rather than a certain evil’.i do appreciate you so much……………kkkkkkkkkkkkk

Biyan Ghebreyesus: Berhan enqa metseahkha

Tesfabirhan REDIE: hawna Biyan, Just ideas came in last night, in fact, late night, around 00-01 AM, and I put it like what you can see.

Socrates’wisdom is all but unfortunately, I did not come across the one that you said to frame my life. It is just my life and my soul ordered, my spirit sent the message and my body wrote it. That is all! But, it is good that I came through two great figures of modern thinking, Socrates and Abraham. I am not different, I am a human being and is obvious to think like other human being. No exception with me.

Abiel Zereslasie: Wow Tesfie you need to support it with an article or something like that you know to make it edible! Though it is not as Selemawit said but the hierarchy starts with some similarity to Abraham Masllow’s hierarchy of need’s! And i need to understand if religion is not the product of philosophy as to your pyramid!

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Sertse hawey, do you want to compartmentalize me? I am talking about the whole. And I see nothing is complex here, reading my whole life in a single page is such a degree that shows how my life is so simple. I could have finished pages and pages, may be you can read “The Republica” of Pulato. Though Pulato, the student of Socrates, tried to compile his teachers way of teaching, the dialogue, still people need to dig on to get what is in the book.

My natural science background helped to simplify into a simple model. That is all.

Unlike what hawna Abiel Zere tried to say it, I would rather like just to put it like this, though I appreciate his belief on me that I can do it.

Today, life should be able to be read in one page of a FB upon a click> evolution. I respect the technological evolution and its impact on shaping today’s and future generation.

Abiel Zereslasie: kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk tesie jigna! If that’s so, let me know if there is any tesfe or abiel afterall!

Tesfabirhan REDIE: kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk, I am sure about the existence of tesfie, but I am not sure about Abiel.

Misgina Zeray: Tesfie – arkey, I am wondering where your conscience, consciousness and awareness would be as an individual? Awareness is an ocean of its own depth that lets us realize with the power of now and then. We live in now, we experience it and then it disappears to the usual cosmos. I like the way you try to posture “being you” . It is a very intensive and long journey but without awareness, it is just another thinking. When someone starts thinking, it is not more thinking if it stays longer as it becomes thinking of thinking.

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Bro. Misgie, it is to no where. It is always there. And nothing more is about being aware than to join your body, spirit and your soul together. If you come according to Biblical approach, or the Christian doctrine, that is equivalent to trinity, and as it is said, human being is created by this unity.

If one is lost from the other, as Budha said it, suffering starts. To stop suffering we need to combine all this and all is in my life. hahahahahhahaahhahhaahahah

Misgina Zeray: nah nah Tesfie arkey! give me a minute will get over u!

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Welcome brother.

Ermi Tuemuzghi: ahahahahahhah good job!tesfie! but it feels smting very important is missing Misgates B Sunday has mentioned consciousness ,…and what is the difference between soul and spirit …also u didnt tell us how u play with pyramid and also u made ur life look fixed!…….and i have heard life is not in the lines, but between the lines and i couldnt see that! pls show me ahahahah

Tesfabirhan REDIE: kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk, hawTuem, no lines in between and no fixed norms. It is just my life. All are in one, I don’t see any difference and as Samson, no scaling, just it the way my life works. All are in one. And concerning consciousness, it is clear along the level of importance on how the three parts are working. hahahhahahahahhahahahahaahhaha

By the way, awareness, consciousness and related are works of the mind and are in psychology which is in the social science stream, far from my philosophy.

Samson Maekele: I can see the pyramid is build through your engineering point of view…kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Abraham Maslow built it through the pscho-social point of view. But they are more or less similar….For example: they both look like the Pyramid of , Egypt….kkkkkkkkk Well to come to the point yours is a little bit complicated. It has many lines probably they could be the scale measuring the degree or proportion of each component. ALoka endo hade kilo philosophy, frki kilo religion, etc. kkkkkkkkkkk

By the way, Tesfie you remind me a friend Henok Tsegazeab Tewolde I guess it was in 2007, he drafted a 5 year plan. I guess by now he made them happen.

Abdul Karim: Philosopher! What about the 3rd side and bottom side of this beautiful Prism……..

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Bro. Abdul Karim Khan Jadoon the owner of philosophy, always great and searching for wisdom. I did not see anyone saying on that side.

Adbul Karim: Is there no place for LOVE in it?? Y?

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Not only a place, but whole I put is LOVE. But, just to make it clear, LOVE is within my beliefs and is the great source of my third dimension. if there is no LOVE, there is no WISDOM, because, wisdom is from HEART and a good heart is always conquered by LOVE and it pumps LOVE to all parts of my LIFE.

I remember your life expression still Bro. Abdul Karim Khan Jadoonyou told me while we had the tour in the ROCK Forest!

Abdul Karim: In Love i born, in lov i live , in love i Die….

Berhane Aradom: many have said many things. You may want to work now to the second edition.

Ermi Tuemuzghi: haw tesfie ferihnaka ahahahahhha nway if u r happy with the pyramid well and good , enjoy, but in case if u thinking of reconstruction i will be there to tell u a few jokes ahahahah! and regarding consciousness , i see it differently! to me its beyond psychology!

Tesfabirhan REDIE: hahahahahahahahhahahahahaha, is it because I talk about my life? That is why people do not talk about their life.

And welcome, I am ready always changing my life journey. Nothing is fixed. Go ahead. I want to update and upgrade my life. I believe on evolution of personal life.

Tuem and Brhin, give me some of enlightening jokes. Jokes are feed of the soul.

Abiel Zereslasie: Berhane Aradom i think you are trying to halt this interesting discussion, stop that and let crazy man collect as much comments as he can from this conversation! And tesfe am looking for a word from you on the case of religion! Isn’t religion a product of philosophy after all isn’t it a political organization. kkkkkkkkkkk

Tesfabirhan REDIE: kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk,

Abiel Zere, Religion is none of what you mentioned. Religion is result of politics. When you do not agree with one group or individual, you create your own group and regulations, and this is religion. It is like political parties, but her we have belief parties.

And belief could be because of fear, trust, love, hope or something related.

And for me, belief is LOVE. And take care, I am not saying I believe on LOVE, just belief = Love

Ermi Tuemuzghi: ahahahahh u called it my life and if u r fully convinced that that is ur life , i didnt want to touch it , perke to destroy it will be to destroy you! ahahahhaha nway now that we got the green light ..i will start surgery.

to start with ……if u can say my life ..u r not the life described .. u r the owner of the life ..if u can say my belief..u cant be the belief coz u r the owner of the belief ….to anything to say mine ,u have to be the possessor!…r we together so far?

Samson Maekele: kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk I see the defence of the proposal…Tesfie I think u have proceeded from the proposal to actual thesis….but mind the minor suggestions..kkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Yes we are Tuem, go ahead.

kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk, Samson yah, that is a simple journey to start anything. I am not to defence here. Just to listen.

All you are talking is to my shadow, and what I put is my shadow. and i put it is my wisdom. All this is given in the triangle.

Ermi Tuemuzghi: to me belief is a believed idea on something that we dont know? can also expressed as to believe the non-existent as existing ….u see the sun..thus u know its there, that is to say u dont believe that there is a sun,coz that is ur experience , but in beleive , its not ur experience but others have told you their experinece/whatsoever and u beleived it as existent ….green or red

Tesfabirhan REDIE: yes I got you. Tuem.

To be clear I mentioned in my statement, when I say belief, belief = LOVE.

and in fact in the Bible it is written as GOD is LOVE. Lets not stick to the predefined perception. I am free like a white cloud 9Osho used to say),

For me, I was born free, Babtised as an Orthodox, grew-up in an Ortodox family, got educated during my early days in the catholic church, and conquered my blood veins, Then I tried to be more Orthodox, but got conflict with the doctrine I got during my childhood, then, I washed them with spiritual philosophy and remained detached from all, and then after I joined the catholic community.

I am a catholic by religion, a free thinker in my ways, and have a strong belief on LOVE. And according to the bible, God is nothing but LOVE. And on this LOVE, I trust, I got the truth and I put hope on all my life.

Ermi Tuemuzghi: have u ever experienced Love?

Tesfabirhan REDIE: kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk, what kind of love do you want to tell you from my all experience?

Ermi Tuemuzghi: ahahahahah tesfie ..am talking to you …we r not speaking about bile or religion , we will come to it later .

there is only one Love to me ….and to u?….and do u know Love or u believe in love ?

Tesfabirhan REDIE: This is tesfie whom you are talking about, kkkkkkkkkkkkk and is talkig you. But you are getting the shadow, not him. Even what I write is the shadow of Tesfie.

hahahhahahahahahahahha

Ermi Tuemuzghi: to me everything ur belief,religion, philosophy…….is a shadow only u ,who is the owner of all this is real….that its also me!.

Tesfabirhan REDIE: kkekekekkekekekekekke, This all are tools to the know-how. I came naked and I will leave naked. But do not ask me where to go. I am no where to go as I came from no where.

Tesfie is speaking through me, in fact, the name Tesfie does not exist. It is just a name. But the one, whom you are saying Tesfie and I say I am tesfie is there. If you want to visit him, first visit yourself. kekekkekekekkekkekekekkek

Ermi Tuemuzghi: ur belief will tell u where to go,dont worry! …we r one as long as owner is concerned , but our shadows are different ahhahah

Tesfabirhan REDIE: you got the point. we are one, just our shadows differ.

Ermi Tuemuzghi: well tes! it seemed to me we had a good start lol in disecting all, to make our mirrors clean so that we can reflect each other …but now we have jumped in to the conclusion ahahahha

Tesfabirhan REDIE: and as far as my belief where to go, kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk, Is there any direction for LOVE?, I think LOVE is a scalar quantity, not a vector.

Ermi Tuemuzghi: have a good time and thanks for sharing ur experience …i will try to touch all the points we havnt tpuched so far

belief is an idea, if u think love is a belief , u mean love is an idea ….

Tesfabirhan REDIE: great and waiting your further bisection. Always great Tuem. Have a nice dream.

hahahahhahahahahaha. you are saying it, I did not say. It is the common definition that you have probabily set in your mind is pre-occupied. Empty your self and come to me.

Das Hawya: Brother I believe trying to put ur life in such manner could be such a hectic job ..and may even lose the taste of what you want to describe ( with all due respect).. Life is a little bit complicated and as far as I am concerned more shaped with the interaction you do with people and your environment. So I don’t see here your life being shaped or evolving with any thing related to family ,friendship,Love (of different kind) ,sex,failure….. I May be totally out of the topic ,but normally philosophy just explain to us what we are passing through in a words and sentences we can really understand easily but nothing more ..its the trials ,the failures,the victories ,the tears and joys that we pass through that shape our life and makes us who we are now.I believe Tes(you) is a product of all the ups and downs he passed through in life not the product of the books not solely he read …. I like what you did here but it doesn’t seem like a life of a person but some science project ( with all due respect and I can be little bit rude on my words 🙂 )

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Das Hawya thank you for your kind compliments. No worries, and in fact your points made me to come across again.

But, I call all the ups and downs in life as LIFE journey. If you say Tes is the product of this experiences of life journey, then, I am already done. But I am not done!

And all you mentioned is in my life in which I am walking about and I am walking along. I am not the product of this, but I am evolving with them. In chemistry, a product that you get at the end. But, still I am. Only your statement will have a full meaning when my physical body passes away and people say TES was this and that.

With all due respect and thank you.

Berhane Aradom: I am wondering if you can consider all the comments. In my opinion, discard them irrespective of their importance and continue to live individually. I know deep down, no one has ever met you. You are alone.

Das Hawya: Good point Tes ..I gat what u mean. Berhane Aradomcant he listen and then take ideas he feels are worth taking and avoid the others ? I think two heads are better than one and also its not about how he should live that we are talking..its how he prepared the charts to show Life.so its pure the idea of life and not specific about his life that we are talking ..Aymeslekan Brhin ?

Tesfabirhan REDIE: in some of your comments, u said life is tbe interaction between people and environ people and environment i think both are part of the sciences, if we consider them like unpublished books.

And regarding philosophy, I am not talking on the written or the inherited ones. These are now as social sciences. Rather I am talking on my own philosophy, the philosophy that helps me to open my journey, that I search and watch Tesfie.

Brhin, I hope I will come up with second edition of an edited version, not with second edition of my life. But, I will edit the one that I have put, but, for second edition of my life, where it may add or delete some may or may not be available.

We will all see how Tesfie will evolve. And, if it happened to be end, hope you will publish the life of Tesfie as is available in my shadow.

Samson, it is great that you mentioned Dr. Fessehaye. Hope you guys to write something about him. He was such a great person that his students should put him still alive. I did not gget a chance to see him physically, but I have many good image on his image that was told by his students. I call then Samson, Brhin, Gashu, Teame and many more to cooperate and write something, even a page each about him.

Samson Maekele: Tesfie..I like the conversation with Das Hawya. You reminded me one point that I discussed it in 2000 with Dr. Fesseha Haile. WHAT IS LIFE? Tesfie bro..it is not easy to explain life in a sense of chemical reaction as a fixed byproduct of things. I guess the product of chemical reaction can be get at the final and is final as you said, but life is always in motion (physics kemey..?????????kkkkk). Then finally your byproduct will come at the cemetery and afterwords (LIKE MANDELA….may be our kids will see an Oscar winner film..THE GREAT TESFIE….aresti kemey. ksab hiji aytetahzetin ala). N Lidia Lydia Hagos entehatetkaya wun xubuk byproduct kitnegreka eya..kkkkkLet me come to my point…..first what is life for you all guys? Then take some from Tesfie framework …..nkulu ziakil eyu serihu zelo mesleni…nihade zibelkayo eyu negeru…kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

Tesfabirhan REDIE: What a beaufiful mor.ing is this. Samson Maekele it is so blessed morning to uplift my way. Today I have a field visit in wine factories, but your words are more than that. Welela weyni zitiem kalatkum.

Hope I will see Lydia here. She is such a beautiful lady to chat with.

Berhane Aradom: Tesfie, has to take day off, and sit for a while on the river banks. He is neither this nor that.

Tesfabirhan Aradom: When you live, living is loike an AC, alternative current, not a DC. Even this starts when the sperm starts the journey to reach the egg. And after the journey follows the same way. And this is the Ups and downs.

Oprah said all she went through her life is with ups and downs, but, she considers them as lessons. Sorry if said it differently.

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Brhin, I love you. Your call to Tesfie and stay as HE. Brhin has to be awarded with 10 years old bottle of French Red Wine and an Italian formagio, Parmagiano Reggano and an italian HAM Prosciutto.

Tesfie may go to silence, but I am calling him to say after serving him some Budhist meditiation music.

Ermi Tuemuzghi: bye tesfie! brhin may i join you for the wine!lol

Tesfabirhan REDIE: hhhhhhhhhhhh, I have for you too Tuem, cheese from the Alps Mountain. And wine, from Italy, Milano

Ermi Tuemuzghi: now we r speaking real business lol

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Afare zeybilu jjust for Love

Lydia Hagos: esfabirhan %$#@!, I could not read all the comments, but I did not need to, your ONE WORLD PYRAMID!!, said it ALL!!, we told you to stay away from Brew… You said, “THE ONE & ONLY ONE THAT I BELIEVE IN!” then you called him “Brhin Master of Master!” Lord help us!. You are worshiping him and his Philosophy, and you don’t even know it!!! All you pyramid, talks about is I, My, Me,. Where is Jesus in All this??? We need to help our brother, guys, meeting without Brew needed urgently!!! THIS IS CRAZY lol!!!!

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Kkkkkkkkk Lidu shikor, I think Jesus according to Catholics is God. Then do you want me to mention His name? Open your eyes please. Lolllllll

Hahhhhhh, does saying Master of masters will make me a worshiper? Come on lLidu, come to this world. We need you. Watch please what you are writing. Yes Brhin is Master of masters. Do not reject, the more you reject, the more you will be suffering.
That is what I said to Brhin, not you and I did not asked you to approve it and give it a certificate. Only Brhin knows who exactly he is, but, to say, I have the right. Just consider as I said to Lidu shikor. Kkkkkkkkk,

And for the pyramid, you are really now mess with such shapes. I pray for you to come unto you and stop having such illuaioned mind.

Sorry if I am so direct. Lidu shikor = Brhin master of masters. Just it differs on how you perceive it.

Lydia Hagos: Tes, Luke 9:26 “For whosoever shall be ashamed of me and of my words, of him shall the Son of man be ashamed, when he shall come in his own glory, and in his Father’s, and of the holy angels.”

Matthew 10:33 “But whoever disowns me before others, I will disown before my Father in heaven.”

Do Not Allow Yourselves To Be Caught Off Guard
Children of My Divine Heart,

Hear Me. I Am. I Am the Alpha and the Omega. I Am the Great I Am. Open your hearts. Do not delay. I desire to abide in you. Open your hearts to Me. Surrender. Give Me permission to transform you into instruments most pure. Abandon the ways of the world. Do not be duped. Satan has plans to destroy you. Do not allow yourselves to be caught off guard. Pray for discernment. Pray each day. Be faithful to this mandate. Be generous with your prayers. Bless others in this fashion. Do not fear events foretold for I will protect My own. I will provide all things for you. I will send manna from the sky, and feed you as I did your ancestors. Trust in Me. Do not let your hearts be troubled. Refuse the mark of the Beast. Do not give in to fear. Walk in faith. You must grow in faith, and prepare for what is to come. Keep My commandments, and love as never before. I count on you. I love you with an everlasting love. My blessing is yours to use. Bless others through it.

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Reallt now you are lost Lidu. Brhin is not in my pyramid. I can see how are reading the Bible and the wolrd now.

Lydia Hagos: Tes, What i believe and what i am, reflects the teaching of the Bible, it becomes my nourishment, it becomes who I really am. So what you say, and believe is part of your pyramid that is who you claim to be. You are coming to my point, you don’t need this Pyramid, and you are a child of God, the true living God, what more can you ask for other than Jesus and His Holly words, the Bible. Can we agree to that, let me get Amen!!!

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Kkkkkkkk, Amen!

Das Hawya: Tesfabirhan eza mehazakum Lydia Hagos bhaki zerebia equa kurub kbd eluni (axikuni lol) gn eti brta’ean ab etiamno neger zelewa authoritative akaydan bah keyebeleni ayterefen .. Ezi tk btk azerarbakis tefetiyuni …kemaki hasaben zgelxa dekenestyo ahwat yebzhalna !

Tesfabirhan REDIE: You said it Das Hawya arkey. She is so bold in her approach, but, we accept her as she is. Alema beynu eyu, gena mewedaeta eyu kitibil, negative trha kitdeli tsehay kiarba eyu enber eti hakis kab haku ayhalifin eyu.

But still we well come her always and her rigid directional approach helps us to broaden our level of understanding for the diversity we have

Samson Maekele: Lydia Hagos I like your ideas. I can see the defence is tight now. However, we need a conceptual framework even to worship God. And no worry, God is always the master of masters even for Brhin….though some elements like religion and pastors/popes should be …….

Berhane Aradom: Lydu is hypnotizing the poor fellow tesfie. The word God is not God…I suspect that she is acting out of conditioned childhood lessons. One way or the other way, the whole world’s population is hypnotized by wrong teachings. The church is build up on the lowercase god. God is still out of human experience for man is crunching kolotutuko terefmeref. Man at this stage especially those pastors are simply modified form of rodents.

Tesfabirhan REDIE: Kkkkkkk, haki Brhin arkey. People like Lidu tried and r still to hyponize the poor Tesfie. Luckily He is far from such, do not worry.

Berhane Aradom: Very good Tesfie, but i want to undo lydia

Tesfabirhan Redie: Better to format, now she is already formated, just you need window 2035. lol

Das Hawya: Samson Maekele U said we need a conceptual frame work to worship God ?..but u know religion is based on faith on faith of things that u never seen and understanding of things that could not be proved with our calculations.Thats the base almost all faiths/religions are made and the frame work for u will be just believe..just believe. Some people say prove to me God exists ..but they forget that they cant also proove God doesnt exist.what I want to say is I read some one also kind of critisizing pastors ..i dont think thats a good idea buddy.. U belive in what ever u belive but accept that others can also belive in other stuff and respect.I am sorry i drifted away from the topic Tes brought scuza !

Tesfabirhan Redie: Bro. Das believe is above everything and as in my life.

And regarding critism, it is a thought provoking. Just take it easy and if serious go ahead, we can discuss. All here love to bissect things and see something within it. Be easy here, you will see diversified ideas and this is tbe beauty we have. Hope you will be with such colored lovely people and learn through tolerance and open discussion.

Wed Hmrarib: what paradoxial illustration is this ? wisdom to be though by science when is this come from ,hmmmm, and ur irrational faith teachs u trust ,love and TRUTH,HAHAAH,U FRAMED UR LIFE IN VERY DOCTRINATED THINGS , I AM SO AMUZING AT WHAT U WANA TO SAY BUT FOR SURE THIS IS THE OUT COME OF THE INTERNAL MIND CHATTERING !!! TRY TO ADRESS UR MIND AND BE SILENT IN ALL UR WAYS !!! BE FREE FROM ALL DOCTRINES AND LEAD UR FREE LIFE , AND U WERE SAYING I LOVE OSHO ,HAHAHAHAHAH STAY WITH UR INTERNAL TURMOIL!!!go and see the lectures of pro, lawrence krauss to know what secince teaches about reality and truth !!!

Samson Maekele: Das Hawya, from your comments towards me, I got two things. 1. Conceptual framework to worship God. But I don’t got your point bc I have both the question and answer in you statement. 2 Criticizing pastors…it is not out of my disrespect to pastors but it is because of their nonsense actions…I am going to wait your comment on this video,,,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=588088154615298…

ኣስተንትኖ፡ በዓቲ ዘይምፍላጥ ብመንጽር ኣግዶ ዘይምፍላጥ

ዘይምፍላጥ ሓጥያት ኣይኮነን። እንተኾነ ግና ካብ ዘይምፍላጥ ክትገላገል ትደሊ ምህላውካን ዘይምህላውካን ኣብ እትገብሮም መዓልታዊ ተግባራት ንሂወትካን ሂወትን ካልኦት ደቂ ሰብን ዓቢ ተራ ኣለዎም። ስለዝኾነ ድማ ነቲ ዘይንፈልጦ ማዕረ ክንደይ ኮን ኢና እንፈልጦ? ብሓቂ’ኸ ነቲ ዘይንፈልጦ ክንፈልጥ ተበግሶታት ንወስድ ዲና? እቲ ዘይንፈጦ ፈሊጥንና ክንደይ ኮን ኢና ኣፍደገ ዘይፍልጠትና ንኸፍቶ?

እዚ ኣብቲ “Knowledge and Knowing” ዝበሃል ዓወደ ፍልስፍና ብስፍሕ ዝበለ ኣገባብ ተስተንቲኑ ክንረኽቦ ንኽእል ኢና። ነዚ ፍልጠት ንምፍላጥ ድማ ኣፍደገ ዘይምፍላጥ ምርሓው ማለት እዩ።

እዚ ረቂቕ ፍልስፍናዊ ትንተና ናብ መዓልታዊ ሂወት ፖለቲካ ምስ እንጥቀመሉ ዝሕቦ ትርጉም ብዝተፈላለየ መንገዲ ክንርእዮ ንኽእል። ብሓደ ነገር ደረጃ ንቕሓት ከስምዕ ከሎ፡ ብኻልእ መዳይ ድማ ድርቅነት ሓሳብ ከስምዕ ይኽእል። ደረጃ ንቕሓት ብኽፉትነት ኣእምሮ ክሰዓር ከሎ ድርቅነት ሓሳብ ግና ክልወጥ ኣዝዩ ከቢድን ዝተሓላለኸን ግድል እዩ።

እቶም ብደረጃ ንቕሓት ዝሳቐዩ ፖለቲከኛታት ምስ መዛንኦም ዝገብርዎ ክፉትን ነጻን ርክባት ሓጋዚ ክኸውን ከሎ፡ ኣብ ናይ ሓባር መኣዲ ምቕራብ ሓጋዚ እዩ። እዚ ድማ ኣብ “ኣግዶ ዘይምፍላጥ” ምርኻብ የስምዕ።

በቲ ካልእ ድማ እቶም ድርቀርት ሓሳባት ዘጋጥሞም ፖለቲከኛታት ካብቲ ዝነብርሉ በዓቲ ዘይምፍላጥ ክወጹ ይሽገሩ። ኣብታ ጥዕምቲ “በዓቲ ዘይምፍላጥ” ድማ ብምቾት ይነብሩ።

ነዚ ዓውደ ፍልጠት ፍልስፍና ክግንጽል ዘገደደኒ ኣጋጣሚ ድማ ምስ ናይ Facebook የዕሩኽተይ ኣብ ዝገብሮ ዝነበርኩ ዝተኸፍተ ኣግዶ ዘይምድላጥ እዩ ዝነበረ። ንኸስተንትን ስለዝሓገዘኒ ድማ እንሆ ብተወሳኺ መእተዊ የሀብቲመ ምሳኹም መኣዲ ዘይፍልጠተይ ይካፈል።

እዚ ኣስተንትኖ (Contemplation) ኢለ ሰምየዮ ዘለኹ ኣርእስቲ፥ ብናትኩም ምስትንታን ከተሀብትምዎ ተስፋ እናገበርኩ ናብቲ ዝተገብረ ኣስተንትኖ ይገድፈኩም።

መበገሲ ዕላል

እዞም ትማሊ ህግ፣ ሎሚ ህግ ትብሉ ኣብ ደንበ ደለይቲ ፍትሒ ዘለኹም ተጋደልቲ፡ ድሌታትኩም ፍትሒ ዘይኮነ ታሪኽኩም ምዕቃብ እዩ ዝመስል።

ዝተዋህበ መልሲ/ርእይቶ

መነጸር veil of ignorance (ብትግርኛ ‘ ኣጉዶ ዘይምፍላጥ’ ወይ ‘ ባዕቲ ድንቁርና ‘ ተበልናዩ እንታይ ብል ኢሉ፡) እስከ ነዕልል። ኣጉዶ ዘይምፍላጥ ፍትሒ ማለት፡ ሕጊ ክንሕንፅጽ ከሎና ናትና መኒነት ኣብ ግምት ከየእተና ክንሕንፅጽ ከሎና እያ ትመጽእ ይብል። ሽቃጣይ ዲኻ ክትከውን፡ ነጋዳይ፡ ትግርኛ ዲኻ ክትከውን ሳሆ፡ ተጋዳላይ ዲኻ ክትከውን ሲቪል ዘይትፈልጥ እንተኾይንካ ንኹሉ ማዕረ ዝሪኢ ሕጊ ትሰርሕ ንምባል እዩ።

ሓደ ተጋዳላይ ተጋድልነቱ ክዕቅብ ጥራሕ ዝሰርሕ እንተኣሎ ካባዛ ብዓቲ ድንቁርና ይእለ። ምኽንያቲ ናይ ምሕደራ ዕድል ኣብ ዝህበሉ ነቶም ከሙኡ ተጋድርልቲ ሓለፋ ዝገብር ሕጊ ክሕንፅጽ፡ ዝፈልጦም መጋድልቱ ኣብ ላዕለዎት ጽፍሒ ኮፍ ክብል ስለዝኾነ።

ካብዚ ነጻ ክኸውን ኣብዚ ናይ ፍትሒ ጉዕዞ ኣብታ ‘ ኣጉዶ ዘይምፍላጥ ‘ ተሳፊሩ ንኹሉ ኣብ ግምት ዘእተወ ርእይቶ ክህብ ከሎ መንእሰይይ እምነት የሕድረሉ።

ኣስተንትኖ

ብሓደ ወገን በዓቲ ዘይምፍላጥ ገላጺ ይመስል። ከመይ በዓቲ ማለት ክትረኽቦ ዝርይትኽእል ጸልማት ቤት ከስምዕ ስለዝኽእል። እዚ ድማ ካብቲ ዘይምፍላጥ ዘይምውጻእ የስምዕ።

ኣግዶ ዘይምፍላጥ ሓቛፊ እዩ። ንኻልኦት’ውን መርሓባ ክብል ጸገም የብሉን። ኣግዶ ዘይምፍላጥ ኣኣንጋዲ እዩ። ስለ’ዚ ከምቲ ኣብ ናይ መደምደምታ ጽሑፍካ፡ ኣግዶ ዘይምፍላጥና ምፍላጥ የድልየና ኣሎ። ዘይምፍላጥና እንተፈሊጥንና ንኻልኦት መርሓባ ምባል ጸገም የብልናን። ልክዕ ከም’ቲ ሶቅራጦስ ዝበሎ እዩ ክኸውን ማለት እዩ፡ “ኣነ ዝፈልጥ ከምዘይፈልጥ ምፍላጠይ እዩ”። ስለ’ዚ እዛ ኣግዶ ዘይምፍላጥ ተድልየና ኣላ።

እቲ ዓቢይ ኤርትራዊ ፍላስፋን ጸሓፍን በየነ ሃይለ(ገና ስርሓቱ ዘይተዳህሰሰ ) ዝበሎ፡ ብየናይ ዓይንና ኢና ንርኢ ምልላይ የድልየና ኣሎ።

እንገብሮ ዘለና ቃልሲ ብዙሕ እዩ ዓይነቱ። ገሊኣቶም ዝተኣስሩ ብጾቶም ወይ ኣባላት ስድራ ቤቶም ሓራ ከውጽኡ ክቃለሱ ከለዉ ገሊኣቶም ድማ መላእ ሓርነት ህዝቢ እዩ ዘገድሶም ዘሎ።

ገሊኦም ናይ ኣውራጃ ነጻነት ከገድሶም ከሎ፡ ገሊኣቶም ድማ ኣውራጅኦም ከም ሃገር ይቃለሱ ኣለው።

ገሊኣቶም ናይ ብሄሮም ሓርነት ከገድሶም ከሎ፡ ገሊኦም ድማ ምምስራት ናይ ብሄሮም ሃገር እዩ ዘቃልሶም ዘሎ።

ገሊኣቶም ንገለ ህዝቢ ዝውክል ሓድሽ ሃገር ምምስራት ክቃለሱ ከለዉ፡ ገሊኣቶም ድማ ሕብረት ምስ ገሊኣተን ሃገራት ዘገድሶም ዘሎ።

ወዘተ

ስለዚ እንገብሮ ዘለና ቃልሲ ብዙሕ እዩ ዓትነቱ።

ስለዝኾነ፡ ኣብ ሓደ ኣግዶ ዘይምፍላጥ ምምጻእ የድልየና ኣሎ።

እቲ ጸገም በዓቲ ዘይምፍላጥ መስሪቶም ኣብዚኣ ተንከስ ዝበለ ወይልኡ ዝብሉ ብዙሓት ምዃኖም እዩ።

ኣጋጣሚ ደኣ ነዞም ኣብ በዓቲ ዘይምፍላጥ ተጋደልቲ ነበር ጠቒሰ ኣለኹ እምበር ብዙሓት በዓትታት ዘይምፍላጥ ከምዘለዋስ ንብዙሓት ብሩህ እዩ።

ከምዚ ዝበልካዮ፡ ኣብ ኣግዶ (ህድሞ) ዘይምፍላጥ ምውጻእ የድልየና ኣሎ። ኣብ’ዚ ግዜ’ዚ ውን ዝቀላቐል ዘሎ ይመስል። ዘይምፍላጡ ዝፈለጠ ዝመስል ተስፋ ዘለዎ ምንቅስቓስ’ውን ይቀላቐል ኣሎ።

ንኣብነት፡ ብሩህ መጻኢ ኤርትራ ወላ’ኳ እቲ በዓቲ ዘይምፍላጥ ዝሰዓሮም እንተመሰለ፡ ኣብ’ታ እትድለ ዘላ ኣግዶ ዘይምፍላጥ ኣብ ምውጻእስ ደሓን ይመስል። ግናኸ ነቲ ዘይምፍላጥ ከይሓፈረ ኣብታ ኣግዶ ዘይምፍላጥ ክልፍለፉ ክትርኢ ይድንጽወካ። እዚ በዓቲ ዘይምድላጥ ክንደይ ኮን ይሓስም ድማ ክትብል ትግደድ።

ዘይምፍላጥካ ምፍላጥ ጽቡቕ ነገር እዩ። ሶቅራጠስ ዝበሎ መግለጺ ትሕትና እዩ ዝነበረ። እንተ ናይዚ ብሩህ መጻኢ ግና መግለጺ ብድዐ ይመስል። እዚ ይኹን ደኣ’ምበር ኣብቲ ኣግዶ ዘይምፍላጥ ወጺኦም ስለዘለውስ ክተባብዑ ይግባእ። ኣብዚ ኣግዶ ድማ ብዙሓት ክጽንበሩ ይትስፎ።

ዘይምፍላጥካ ዘይምፍላጥ ሕሱም እዩ። ናይዞም ተጋደልቲ ነበር ኢና ዝብሉ ሓለፋ ኣለዎ። ዘለናዮ ስቅያት ብሰንኪ ጌጋታት ብጾቶምን ባዕላቶምን ምዃኑ ዝተረድኦም ኣይመስልን።

ሓደ ሓደ ተብዓት ካብ በዓቲ ዘይምፍላጥ ወጺኦም ዓውርና ኢና ኔርና ክብሉ ከለዉ ተስፋ ይህበካ። ከም ተጋዳልቲ የማነ ተኽለገርግሽ ይብዙሑልና።

ኣስተንትኖ ዘይምፍላጥ።

ጥንታውያን ጣዖታት ግብጺ ከም ተራ ቃላት ኣብ ቋንቋ ትግርኛ

ነቲ ንፈልጦስ ማዕረ ክንደይ ኮን ንፈልጦ ንኸውን？

1. በዓል

በዓል ልደት

በዓል ፋሲካ

በዓል ቅዱስ ዮውሃንስ

በዓልቲ ቤተይ

በዓል ቤትካ

በዓል ናጽነት. . . ወዘተ

2. ኣቱም

ኣቱም ሰብኣይ

ኣቱም ሰብ ቀደም

ኣቱም የሕዋት/ኣሓት. . . ወዘተ.

3. ኣሜን

ጎይታ ይባረኽ – ኣሜን

ስምካ ይቀደስ – ኣሜን. . . ወዘተ.

4. መዓት

መዓት ወሪዱና

መዓት መጺኡኒ

መዓት እዮም ኔሮም. . . ወዘተ.

ነዘን ኣርባዕተ ኣብ ላዕሊ ተጠቒምናለን ዘለዋ ከም በዓል፣ ኣቱም፣ ኣሜንን መዓትን ዝብላ ቃላት ኣብ መዓልታዊ ዝርርብ ኮነ ስነ ጽሑፍ ቋንቋ ትግርኛ ብብዝሒ ካብ ንጥቅመለንን ዝውቱራትን ከምኡ ድማ ኣዝየን ኣገደስት እየን። ኪኖ ተራ ቃላት ሓሊፈን’ውን ንፍሉይ ኣጋጣሚታትን ትሕትናዊ ኣገላልጻን የገልግላ።

ከም ሓቂ እዘን ቃላት እንክድመጻ ዝኾነ ሰማዒ ብፍሉይ ኣተኩሮ እዩ ኣቓልቦ ዝገብረለን። ንኣብነት: በዓል-ልደት ኣብ ኣመንቲ ክርስትና ፍሉይ መዓልቲ እዩ። በዓል/ቲ ቤተይ ክንብል ከለና ድማ ንኽልተ ብሓባር ዝነብሩ መጻምዲ ዘገልግል ፍሉይ መግለጺ እዩ።

ንምዃኑ ከም’ዞም ኣብ ላዕሊ ተጠቒሶም ዘለው ቅላት ክንጥቀም ከለና በቲ ሓቅስ እንታይ ኮን ኢና ንብል ዘለና? ስም ሓያላት ጥንታውያን ኣማልኽቲ ግብጺ ንጽውዕ ከም ዘለናስ ማዕረ ክንደይ ፈሊጥናዮ ንህሉ? እዞም ሎሚ ኣብ ሓደ ኣምላኽ ንኣምን ዝብሉ ተዛረብቲ ቋንቋ ትግርኛ ቀደም ዘመን ክንደይ ኣማልኽቲ ኔሮሞም ኮን ይኾኑ? ዝብሉ ብቐሊሉ መልሲ ዘይርከበሎም ብዙሓት ሕቶታት ተደርዲሮም ይርከቡ።

ቋንቋ ትግርኛ ኣስማት ጣኦታት ከም ተራ ቃላት ወሲዱ ክጥቀመሎም ክትርኢ; እዋእ እዚ ህዝቢ በቲ ቀደም ዘመን ኣምላኺ ጣዖታት እዩ ኔሩ ማለት ድዩ ክትብል ትግደድ። ብሓቂ ድማ ክኸውን ኣለዎ። ነዚ ሓቅነት ከልብስዎ ዝኽእሉ ብዙሓት ኣሰራት ኣለዉ። ንኣብነት፥ መንግስቲ ዝብል ቃል ከም ዝውቱር ንሓደ ዓለማዊ ስልጣን ሒዙ ንህዝቢ ዘመሓድር ኣካል የስምዕ። በቲ ሓደ ድማ መንግስቲ ኣምላኽ ዝብል ፍሉይ መጸውዒ በቲ ልዑል ናይ ልዑላን ሰማያዊ መንግስቲ ዝፍለጥ መንግስቲ የመልክት። እቲ ጸገም ዝፍጠር ነቲ ዓለማዊ መንግስቲ ናይ’ዛ ምድሪ ከኣሊ ስለዝቑጸር ኣዝዩ ክቡርን ዘይድፈርን ከም’ኡ ድማ ከም’ቲ መንግስቲ ኣምላኽ ዘለኣለማዊ ዝኾነ፣ ናይ’ዛ ምድራዊ መንግስቲ ነባሪ ይቑጸር። ስለ’ዝኾነ ድማ ዝኾነ በዓል ስልጣን እምብረ መጠን ክብረ ልዕልና ይውሃብ። እዚ ድማ ነቶም ዓመጽቲ ገዛእቲ ዘይተኣደነ ተድላ እዩ።

ስለ’ዚ እቶም፥ ንጥቀመሎም ቃላት ብልክዕ ምስ ዘይንፈልጦም ካብ ዝህብዎ ኣገልግሎት ዘውርድዎ ዕንወት ክበዝሕ ይኽእል። ስለምንታይሲ ከይተረድኣና እቲ መሰረታዊ ትርጉሞም ብተዘዋዋሪ መንገዲ ንጥቀመሎም ክንህሉ ስለንኽእል። ስለ’ዚ መሰረታት ቋንቋ ምጽናዕ መወዳድርቲ የብሉን።

በዓል፣ ኣቱም፣ ኣሜንን መዓትን፥ እቶም ሓያላት ኣማልኽቲ ግብጻውያን

ቃላት መሰረት ናይ ሓደ ቋንቋ እዮም። መቦቆላዊ ምንጪ ናይ’ዞም መሰረት ናይ ቋንቋ ዝኾኑ ቃላት ክትፈልጥ ድማ ሰፊሕ መጽናዕትን ምርምርን ከም’ዘድሊ ክኢላታት ናይ’ዚ ዓውዲ ይሕብሩ። ሓሓንሳብ ጊና ብወዝቢ ጎፍ ዝብሉኻ ተረኽቦታት ኣይስኣኑን።

ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ኣብ መሰረታዊ መቦቆል ቋንቋ ትግርኛ ኣድህቦ ክገብር ዝደረኸኒ ጸሓፍን ፍላስፋን ኣማኑኤል ሳህለ ናብ ሓዳስ ኤርትራ ዝጸሓፋ ጽሕፍቲ አያ ዝነበረት። ወላ’ኳ ዕለቱ ብልክዕ ኣይዘክሮ ከባቢ 2005 ከም’ዝነበረ ግና ቅሩብ ይስወጠኒ። ኣብ’ታ ጥንታውያን ኣማልኽት፣ መናፍስቲ፣ ደቂ ሕድርትናን ልምድታትን ህዝቢ አምባታት መጠራን ከስከሰን ብመልክዕ ፋንታዝያዊ ቀሪባ ብጉሩም ቃላት ዝወቀበት ንኡስ ጽሕፍቲ ብዛዕባ “በዓል” እተስተማቕር ጽሕፍቲ ነበረት።

እዛ ጽሕፍቲ ኣዝያ ስለዝመሰጠትኒ ብዛዕባ ጥንታውያ ኣማልኽቲ ዘለኒ ኣፍልጦ ከዕቢ ዝሕግዙኒ ጽሑፋት ሕልፍ እናበልኩ የንብብ እየ። ንኣብነት ኣብ 2007 ዘንበብክዋ “Gods of Ancient Egypt”; ኣብ ግብጺ ብዙሓት መላእኽቲ ከምዝነበሩ ክመሃር ክኢለ።

ካብ’ዞም ብዙሓት ኣማልኽቲ፥ ኣርባዕተ ኣብ ቋንቋ ትግርኛ ከም ተራ ቃላት ዓቢይ ቦታ ሒዞም ምስ ረኸብክዎም ተገረምኩ።

ንምዃኑ እዞም ኣማልኽቲ መን እዮም?

1. በዓል – Ba’al

ኣምላኽ ኩነታት ኣየርን ፍርያምነትን ተባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ዝነበረ ባዓል፣ ሓደ ካብቶም ኣዝዮም ፍሉጣት ኣማልኽቲ ግብጻውያን እዩ ዝነበረ። ኣብ ገለ ክፋል ግዜ ውን ቋንቋ ሄብርው ስም ናይ ኣምላኽ – የሀወህ ጌሩ ይጥቀመሉ ኔይሩ።

በዓል ኣብ ልዕሊ ንፋሳት፣ በርቂ፣ ነጎዳ፣ ዝናብን ፍርያምነትን ፍሉይ ሓይሊ ከምዝነበሮ የእመነሉ።

Ba’al Hammon – እዚ ሎሚ ግዜ ኣብ ቋንቋ ትግርኛ ብፍሉይ ወንኻ ዝሰለበ; በዓል ሕማመይ; ኢልና እንጠቀመሉ ኣገላልጻ መሰረቱ ምስ ኣምላኽ ጣዖት በዓል ዝተኣሳሰር ኮይኑ ትርጉሙ ድማ “ኣምላኽ ፍርያምነት” ማለት እዩ።

ሓደ ሰብ, ናይ ሕማመይ እንተኢሉ ናይ ፍርያምነተይ እዩ ዘስምዕ።

2. ኣቱም – Atum

ኣቱም ማለት እቲ ኩሉ ዝፈጥር ኣምላኽ ማለት እዩ። ኣቱም ንባዕሉ ካብ ወላ ሓደ ከምዘይተፈጥረ ይእመነሉ። ድሕሪ ፍጥረቱ ድማ ነቶም ናይ መጀመርታ ሹን (Shu) ተፍኑትን(Tefnut) ዝበሃሉ ኣማልኽቲ ካብ ምራቑ ፈጠረ።

ኣቱም፥ ኣምላኽ ናይ ኩሎም ኣማልኽቲ ጥራሕ ዘይኮነ እንኮላይ ኣምላኽ ናይ ፈርዖናት ግብጺ ነበረ። “ወዲ ኣቱም” ዝብል ድማ ኣብ ኩሎም ሰም ነገስታት ይውሰኽ ነበረ።

መበቆል ናይ ኣቱም ድማ ትም ዝብል ቃል ግብጻውያን ኮይኑ ናይ መወዳእታ ማለት እዩ።

3. ኣሜን – Amen, Amun, Amkon

ኣሜን ርእሲ ጣዖት ቴባን (Theban diety) ከምዝነበረ ይዝንቶ። ተበን ሓንቲ ካብ ገጠር ዓዲ ናብ ኣዝያ ሓያልን ዓባይን ከተማ ንግስነት ዝተቐየረት ነበረት። ኣሜን ድማ ንግሶም ነበረ። ኣሜን ድሕሪ ናብ ስልጣን ምምጽኡ ምስቲ ኣብቲ ግዜ ዝነበረ መልኣኾም, Ra, ስሙ ብምጥባቕ Amun-Ra ብዝብል ኣምላኽ ናይ ኩሎም መላእኽቲ ኮነ።

ትርጉሙ ድማ: “እቲ ስዉር; ምስጢራዊ ምስሊ” ማለት እዩ። እቲ ሓቀኛ መንነቱ ድማ ፈጺሙ ዘይግለጽ ተባሂሉ ይግለጽ ነበረ።

4. መዓት – Ma’at

መዓት ስብኣዊ ምስሊ ኣምላኽ ናይ ሓቂ፣ ሚዛን፣ ስርዓት፣ ስኒት፣ ሕጊ፣ ሞራልን ፍትሕን የመልክት። ካብ ኣምላኽ ክብሃል ድማ ዝያዳ መግለጺ ባህርያት ክበሃል ይከኣል።

መዓት ንጠፈጥሮን ሕብረሰብን የመልክት ነበረ።

ብግብጻውያን መዓት ከም መግለጺ ስነ-ምግባርን ሞራላውን ዜጋታት ይጥቀምሉ ነበሩ። እዚ ድማ ሓደ ግብጻዊ ኣብ ሂወቱ ምሉእ ክኽተሎ ዝነበሮ መንገዲ የስተምህር። ንስድራ ቤት፣ ሕብረተ-ሰብ፣ ሃገር፣ ኣከባብን ኣማልኽትን ብእኽብሪ ከገልግሉ ድማ ይኹስኩስ።

መደምደምታ

ካብ’ዚ ንኡስ ጽሑፍ ክንመሃሮ ዝከኣል እንተሃልዩ ቋንቋ ትግርኛን ተዛረብቲ ቋንቋ ትግርኛን ምስ ጥንታዊ ቋንቋ ግብጺ ወይ ፈርዖናት ብዙሕ ምትእስሳር ክህልዎ ይኽእል እዩ። ከም ታሪኽ’ውን እዚ ሎሚ ህዝቢ ኤርትራን ኢትዮጵያን ዝቕመጥሉ ዘለው ኣከባቢ ምድረ ፑንቲ ተባሂሉ ክምዝፍለጥን ፈርዖናት ግብጺ ይበጽሕዎ ከምዝነበሩ ይዝንቶ።

ካንሰር ኤርትራውያን ይቐዝፍ; ስርዓት ህግደፍ ከኣ ትም ኢሉ ይዕዘብ

（ኣቐዲሙ ብእንግሊዘኛ ተዳልዩ ዝነበረ ጽሑፍ）

መእተዊ

ካብ ምኒስትሪ ጥዕና ዝተረኽበ ሰነድ ምርኩስ ብምግባር “ተርእዮ ዝርግሐ ሕማም ካንሰር ኣብ ሆስፒታላትን ሃገራዊ ማእከል ላቦራቶሪ ጥዕናን ኤርትራ 2000 – 2010″ (Trends in the Incidence of Cancer in Eritrean Hospitals and Eritrean National Health Laboratory 2000-2010) ኣብ ትሕቲ ዝብል ቴማ ዝተገብረ መጽናዕቲ ከምዝሕብሮ፡ 19,636 ሰባት ናይ ካንሰር ኣፈናዊ መርመራ ከም ዝተገብረሎም; ካብዚ ኣቶም ድማ እቶም 9,482 ግዳይ ካንሰር ኮይኖም ከምዝተረኽቡ ኣብ 2016 ዓመተ ምሕረት ኣብ ጆርናል ፋርማሲካውን ስነ-ሂወታዊ ሳይንስን ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ተሓቲሙ ዝወጸ መጽናዕቲ ይሕብር። ብመንጽር ጾታ ክርአ እንከሎ፣ ካብዞም ግዳያት እተን ዝበዝሓ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ; ማለት 60.82%; ክኾና ከለዋ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ድማ 39.18% ከምዝኾኑ እቲ ዝተኻየደ ምጽናዕቲ የመልክት።

ብተወሳኺ፤ ካብ 2000 ዓመተ ምሕረት ኣትሒዙ ሕማም ካንሰር ብናህሪ ይውስኽ ከምዘሎ እቲ ዝተገብረ መጽናዕቲ ተገንዚቡ። ወላ’ኳ ቁጽሪ ግዳያት ካንሰር ይወስኽ; ኤርትራ ክሳብ እዛ ሎሚ ዕለት ዜጋታታ ክሕከምሉ ዝኽእሉ ትካል ኣየተኣታተወትን ዘላ። ብሰንኩ ድማ እቲ ዝበዝሐ ኣብ ቤቱ ክሳቐ ኸሎ; ውሑዳት ግና ሃገሮም ገዲፎም ንሕክምና ይስደዱ ኣለዉ።

ነዚ ጉዳይ ኣብ ዝተገንዘብክሉ; ትም ክብል ኣይመረጽኩን። ዝነበረኒ ዓቕሚን ሓይልን ኣኻኺበ ድማ ነዚ ዕሙቕ ዝበለን ሰፊሕን ትሕዝቶ ዘለዎ ከፊላዊ ምርምራዊ ጽሕፍ ክጽሕፍ ወሲነ። ዕላም’ኡ ድማ፤ ፖለቲካዊ ንቕሓትን ኣረኣእያን ንምዕባይን ንምስፋሕን ካብ’ኡ ብምብጋስ ድማ ነዚ ኣብ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ወሪዱ ዘሎ ሕሰም ኣቓልቦ ሕብረተ-ሰብ ዓለም ክረክብ፣ ዘድሊ ስጉምቲ ንኽወስድ ድማ ተሓለቕቲ ሰብኣዊ መሰላት ኮኑ ፖለቲካዊን ሲቪላዊ በርጌሳዊ ማሕበራት ክዋስኡ እዩ።

ኣብዚ ግዜ’ዚ፤ ኤርትራውያን ስቅያት ፖለቲካዊ ዓመጽ ጥራሕ ኣይኮነን ዝወርደና ዘሎ። እንታይ’ደኣ ብሰንኪ ዘይብቑዕ ምሕደራ፣ ዘይተገዳስነትን ስርቅን ዝመሰረቱ ፖለቲካዊ ውሳነታት መሰረታዊ ኣገልግሎት ጥዕና ኣብ ዝኸፍአ ደረጃ እዩ ዝርከብ። ጥዕና መሰረት ናይ ኩሉ ንጥፈታት ስለዝኾነ; ምስ ጥዕና ዝተኣሳሰር ጉዳያት ጥቡቕ ዝኾነ አተክሮ የድልዮ።

ብዙሓት ተጣበቕቲ ክጽንበሩኒ ብምትስፋው; ዕላማይ ንማሕበረ ሰብ ዓለም ብምሕባር ነቲ ኣብ ኤርትራ ዝርከብ ሽፍታ መንግስቲ ጸቕጢ ብፍጣር ህጹጽ ዝኾነ ተግባራዊ ስጉምቲ ንኽውሰድ እዩ። ስለ’ዝኾነ ድማ እየ ነዛ “ካንሰር ኤርትራውያን ይቐዝፍ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ከኣ ትም ኢሉ ይዕዘብ“ ትብል ጽሕፍቲ ናብ ክሎም በዚ ጉዳይ ትግደሱ ዘቕርብ ዘለኹ።

እዚ ጽሑፍ ዓቡይ ስለዝኾነ፤ ንኣንባቢ ብዝጥም መንገዲ ኣብ ክልተ ክፋል ቀሪቡ ኣሎ። ኣብ’ዚ ቀዳማይ ክፋል ሓፈሻዊ ህልው ኩነታት ግዳያት ካንሰር ኤርትራውያን ኣብ ሱዳን ከቕርብ ክፍትን እየ። ኣብ ዝቕጽል ካልኣይ ክፋል ድማ ኩነታት ንዝርግሐን ካንሰር ኣብ ኤርትራ ብምቕራብ፣ ኣብዚ ግዜ’ዚ ቀንዲ ጠንቂ ምስፍሕፋሕ ካንሰር ዝኾኑ ባእታታትክድህስስ ክፍትን እየ። ብተወሳኺ ውን ስቕታ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ኣብ ጉዳይ ካንሰር; ጻውዒት ንማሕበረ ሰብ ዓለም፤ ብፍላይ ንኣህጉራዊ ውድብ ጥዕና ኣብ’ዚ ካብ ዓመት ናብ ዓመት እናስፋሕፋሐ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ጉዳይ ፍሉይ ኣተክሮ ንኽገብር ፍሉይ ኣተክሮ ብምግባር ንምክልኻል ምስፍሕፋሕ ካንሰር ከምኡ’ውን ንግዳያት ኣብ ገዛእ ሃገሮም ክሕከምሉ ዝከኣል ማእከል ንክዋደድ ኣድላይ ተበግሶ ክገብር ምጽዋዕ እዩ።

ቀዳማይ ክፋል

ኣሰቃቕን ዘሰንብድን ስእልታት

ኣብዚ ግዜ’ዚ፤ ገጻት facebook ኣብ ዝኸፍተሉ ህሞት፣ ኣዝዩ ዘርዕድ ስእልታት ምርኣይ ልሙድ ኮይኑኒ ኣሎ። ብሰንኩ ድማ ምሉእ መዓልቲ መንፈሰይ ይርበሽ። እዞም ስእልታት（ኣብ ታሕቲ ተመልከት – ንዝፍጠር ስምዒት ኣቐዲመ ይቕሬታ ይሓትት）ዘሰንብዱ ደኣ’ምበር ከም ካልኦት ተራ መዓልታዊ ዜና ኣይኮኑን። እዚ’ኣቶም በቶም ኣብ ገጻት facebook ዝርከቡ ኣማኢት የዕሩኽተይ ኣቢሉ ዝመጹኒ ንግዳያት ካንሰር ዘርእዩ ስእልታት እዮም። መብዛሕትኦም ንሓገዝ ዝሓትት መልእኽቲ ሓዘል ተሰንዮም እዮም ዝርከቡ። ብሓቂ ዘርዕዱ ስእልታት እዮም።

ስእሊ 1: ናርዶስ ጎይትኦም, ተመሃሪት ኮሌጅ ማይ ነፍሒ, ግዳይ ናይ ርእሲ ሕበጥ ካንሰር

ስእሊ 2: ፌቨን ሃብተኣብ, ተመሃሪት 3ይ ዓመት ኮሌጅ ማይ ነፍሒ, ግዳይ ናይ ደም ካንሰር

ስእሊ 3: ድኒኤል ያቆብ, ዕድመ 30, ግዳይ ናይ መቐመጫ ካንሰር

ስአሊ 3፥ ሰናይት ኣሕፈሮም ; ዕድመ 30; ግዳይ ናይ ሓንጎል ካንሰር ; ኣደ 6 ቆልዑ

ሰአሊ 5: ኣሽመላጽ ገበያ, ኣቦ 3 ቆልዑ, ግዳይ ናይ ደም ካንሰር

ሰአሊ 6: ግዳይ ናይ ማህጸን ካንሰር. ኣብ 2014 ድሕሪ ምምርዓዋ ኣብ ግዜ ህጽኖት ከላ በዚ ህማም ከም ዝተጠቕዐት ፈሊጣ

ስአሊ 7: ግዳያት ሕማም ካንሰር ኣብ ካርቱም ዝርከብ ሓዲሽ ዝተደኮነማአከል መዕቆቢ ሕሙማን ። ካብዚኣቶም፥ 4 ግዳያት ኮይኖም 2 ደቂ ኣንስዮን 2 ድማ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ኣብ ማአከል ካብ ዘለዉ፤ 3 ድማ ነዞም ሕሙማን ን ምሕጋዝ ማሕበር ኣቑሞም ዝንቀሳቐሱ ዘለዉ የሕዋት

ሰእሊ 8: ዮዲት፣ ግዳይ ናይ ጡብ ካንሰር

ሰእሊ 9: ስነ–ጥበባዊት ቢኪ ወይኒ ሓረግ ፣ ዕድመ 41፣ ኣደ ፣ ብሰንኪ ናይ ጡብ ካንሰር ኣብ ካርቱም ሕክምናኣ አናተገብረላ ከሎ ብ19 ጥሪ 2016 ዓሪፋ።

ስለምንታይ አዮም አዞም ሕሙማን ኣብ ካርቱም ዝርከቡ ኢልኩም ትግረሙ ትህልዉ ትኽአሉ ኢኹም። ከም ሓቂ አንተኾይኑ፣ አዞም ብካንሰር ተወጺዖም ዝርከቡ ሕሙማን ኣብ ሃገሮም አዮም ክሕከሙን ክእለዩን ዝግባአ ኔይሩ። ሕማቕ ኣጋጣሚ ኮይኑ ግና አንሆ ክሳብ’ዛ ዕለተ 2017 ዓመተ ምሕረት ኤርትራ ቴክኖሎጂ ሕክምና ካንሰር ከየዋደደት ትርከብ። ወላ’ኳ፣ ኤርትራ ነቲ ብ “ሸቶታት ምልየኑም” 6 Millenium Development Goals 6 ካብ 8፣ ብፍላይ ኣብመዳይ ጥ ዕና ተዓዊተሉ እየ ኢላ ብዙሕ እንተዋዕውዐት፡ ካብ ሓደገኛ ዝኾኑ ሕማማትዝከላኸልን ሂወት ኣሽሓት ከድሕንዝግብኦ ዝነበረ መሰረታዊ ዝኾነ ኣገልግሎት ጥዕና ክህብ ዝኽእል ትካላት የብላን። ብሰንኩ ድማ ዜጋታታ ሕሙማን ከም ግዳያት ካንሰር ዝኣመሰሉ ሕክምናዊ ኣገልግሎት ኣብ ክረኽብሉ ዝኽእሉ ፈቐዶ ሃገራት ክስደዱ ይደዱ። እቶም ገንዘባዊ ዓቕሚ ዘይብሎም ድማ ናብ ባህላውን ልምዳውን ኣገባባት እናፈተኑ ብስቅያት ኣብ ቤቶም ይተርፉ።

ከም ሓቂ፤ ኣብ ገዝኡ ኮፍ ኢሉ ሞት ዝጽበ የሎን። ስለዝኾነ ድማ ውሑዳን ሑሙማት ካንሰር ናብ ደገ ብምኻድ ይሕከሙ እዮም። እቲ ካብ ሕማም ፈሊኻ ክርአ ዘይክእል ፍቓድ መንቀሳቐሲ ካብ መንግስቲ ምርካብ እዩ። ኤርትራ ካብተን ነጻ መሰል ምንቅስቓስ ዜጋታት ዘየፍቅዳ ዝኸፍአት ሃገር ተባሂላ እያ ትፍለጥ። ብሰንኩ ድማ ፓስፖርት(Passport) ምርካብ ኣዝዩ ጸቢብ ዕድል ዘለዎን ነዊሕ ግዜ ይሓትት። ዝተሓላለኸ ብርዮክራስያዊ ኣሰራርሓ ቤት-ጽሕፈታትን ክሕለፍ ድማ የገድድ። ብፍላይ ወረቐት ምርካብ ከም ሓለፋ እዩ ዝቑጸር።

ብሰንኪ’ዚ ካብ 15 ክሳብ 60 ዓመት ዝዕድሚኦም ዝኾኑ ግዳይ ካንሰር ኣባላት ግዱድ ዕስክርና ሃገራዊ ኣገልግሎት(ባርነት ምባሉ ይሓይሽ) ክኾኑ ኣለዎም ወይ ድማ ግዴታኦም ዝፍጸሙም ክኾኑ ይሕተቱ። ዝኾነ ነዚ ግዴታ ምስ ዘየማልእ ፓስፖርት ክረክብ ዘሎ ተኽእሎ ኣዝዩ ዘይሕሰብ እዩ። ልዕሊ 60 ዓመት ዝዕድሚኦም ኣበይ ኔርካ ዝብል ሕቶ ስለዘሎ ፓስፖርት ብቐሊሉ ንኽረኽቡ ዝከኣል ኣይኮነን።

ስለዝኾነ ድማ; ዝኾነ ሰብ ካብ’ታ ሕማሙ ዝፈለጠላ ሰዓት ክሳብ’ታ መንቀሳቐሲ ፍቓድ ዝረክብ ዘሎ ህሞት ነዊሕ ግዜ ስለዝሓትት; ሳዕቤናት ካንሰር ኣብ ዝልዓለ ደረጃ ይበጽሕ። ኣቐዲሙ’ውን ኣፍልጦ ኤርትራውያን ኣብ ካንሰር ትሑት ስለዝኾነ ቅድመ ኩነት ዝምርመር ዳርጋ የሎን ክበሃል ይከኣል። ስለዝኾነ ግዳያት ካንሰር ናብ ሕክምና ኣብ ዝቐርብሉ ግዜ ሓደ ሕሙም ኣብ ዝኸበደ ደረጃ እዩ በጺሑጹ ዝጸንሕ።

ድሕሪ እዚ ኽሉ ዝተሓላለኸን ነዊሕን መስርሕ መንቀሳቐሲ ፍቓድ; እታ ዝቐረበትን ብዓይኒ ገንዘባዊ ዓቕሚ ኤርትራውያን ግዴታዊ ዝኾነ ምርጫ እትወስደላ ሃገር ሱዳን እያ። ወላ’ኳ ሱዳን ኣፍ ደጊኣ ንኤርትራውያን ክፉት እንተኾነ; ዝኾነ ወጻኢታት ሕክምና ብሕሙም እዩ ዝሽፈን። ወጻኢታት ድማ ክቡር ኣብ ልዕሊ ምዃኑ ንመንበርን መዓልታዊ ወጻኢታት መግብን መጉዓዝያን ተደማሚሩ ሱዳን ንግዳያት ካንሰር ክብርቲ ሃገር እያ። ካልይ ኣማራጺ’ውን ዳርጋ የሎን።

ብዓይኒ ብቕዓት ኣገልግሎት ሕክምና ካንሰር ሱዳን ምዕቡል ዝኾነ ተክኖሎጂ ኣለዋ ክበሃል ኣይከኣልን እዩ። ሱዳናውያን ንባዕላቶም ናብ ካልኦት ሃገራት （ናብ በዓል ህንዲ ዝኣመሰላትሃገራት）ኬይዶም እዮም ሕክምና ዝገብሩ። ብተወሳኺ፡ እኹላት ክኢላታት ስለዘየለዉ ኣገልግሎት ክትረክብ ነዊሕ ግዜ ክትጽበ ኣለካ። ስለዚ ድማ ግዳያታ ምስቲ ዝረኽብዎ ትሑት ምእላይ ኣብ ቆጸራን ካልእን ዘሕልፍዎ ግዜ ስቓይ ኣብ ልዕሊ ስቓይ ይውስኸሎም።

ከምዚ ኣብ ላዕሊ ዝተገልጸ; ሕሙማን ሱዳን ናብ ዝበጽሕሉ ግዜ ድሮ ተዳኺሞም እዮም ዝጸንሑ። ንተወሳኺ ግዜ ከጸብዮም ዝኽእል ሓይሊ ዳርጋ የሎን። ኣብ ሆስፒታል ኮነ ሆቴል ንኽጸንሑ ድማ ፋይናንሳዊ ዓቕሚ ኣይርከብን። መነባብሮ ክቡር እዩ። ምስቲ ዝወረዶም ከቢድ ሕማም; ጸቕጢ ናይ መዓልታዊ ተወሲኽዎ ሕሙማን ዘሕልፍዎ ናይ ትጽቢት እዋናት መሪርን ኣሰቃቕን እዩ። ንኽትግምቶ ውን ከቢድ እዩ። ስነ-ኣእምራዊ ጸቕጢ ስለዝውሰኾ ድማ ናይ ምንባር ተስፋ ይጽልምት።

ኣብዚ ፈታኒግዜ እታ እንኮ ተስፋ ዝትምነይዋ እንተላ ኣብ ግዜ ሕክምናኦም ብሰላም ከይተሰከፉን ብናይ መዓልታዊ መነባብርኦም ድማ ከይተጨነቑን እንታይ ደኣ ናብ ውራይ ክንክን ንፍሶም ጥራሕ ኣተኲሮም ዝእለይሉን ዘዕርፍሉን ስፍራ/ቤት ምርካብእዩ። ተስፋን ኩንነትን ግና ሓደ ዝኾነሉ እዋን ኣዝዩ ሳሕቲ እዩ። አረ ፍሉይ ዕድል ጥራሕ እዩ ክበሃል ዝከኣል።

ድምጺ ስቅያት ኤርትራውያን ሕሙማን ካንሰር ተዓቢጡ ኣይተረፈን። ግዳይ ናይዚ ኩሉ ዝተጠቕሰ ስቓይን መከራን ዝኾነት ብዝተገብረላ ሕክምናዊ ክንክን ድማ ብተኣምር ካብ ሕማም ካንሰር ነጻ ዝወጸት ዮርዳኖስ ተስፉ ዝተባህለት ኤርትራዊ ንውሑዳን ግዱሳት ኤርትራውያን ኩሉ ዝሓለፈቶ ድሕሪ ምክፋል ነቶም ኣብ ካርቱም ዝሳቐዩ ዘለዉ ግዳያት ካንሰር ክሕገዝሉ ዝኽእሉ ተበግሶ ንኽውሰድ ሓሳብ ኣካፈለቶም። ሓሳባ ድማ ሰማዒ ረኸበ። ብ2015 ድማ ማሕበር ምትሕግጋዝ ሕሙማት መንሽሮ /ካንሰር/ ኤርትራውያን ኣብ ካርቱም ተምስሪቱ ንጥፈታቱ ከተግብር ጀመረ።

ወይዘሮ ዮርዳኖስ ተስፉ፡ ብዛዕባ ታሪኽ ሂወታ፣ ሂወት ግዳያት ካንሰር ኣብ ካርቱምን ዐላማታትማሕበር እናገለጸት ዝተቐድሐ ቪድዮ （ምንጪ፡）

ተስፋ ኣይትመውትን’ያ፡ ማሕበር ምትሕግጋዝ ሕሙማት መንሽሮ /ካንሰር/ ኤርትራውያን ኣብ ካርቱም

ኣብ ገጽ Facebook ማሕበር ምትሕግጋዝ ሕሙማት መንሽሮ /ካንሰር/ ኤርትራውያን ኣብ ካርቱም ተለጢፉ ዝርከብ ከምዝሕብሮ፤ ቀንዲ ሓሳብ ምምስራት ናይዚ ማሕበር ብዮርዳኖስ ተስፉ ይበገስ ደኣምበር ነዚ ሓሳብ ዝደገፉ ክኢላታት ሕጊ ብምውካስ ዘድሊ ሕግታት ብምድላው ኣብ ሰብኣዊ ምትሕግጋዝ ዝዓለመ ካብ ዝኾነ ፖለቲካዊ፥ ሃይማኖታዊ፥ ወገናውን መንግስታውን ነጻ ዝኾነ ሕጋዊ ማሕበር ተመስሪቱ።

ጉጁለ ምትሕግጋዝ ሕሙማት መንሽሮ /ካንሰር/ ኤርትራውያን ኣብ ካርቱም ነዘን ዝስዕባ ዕላማታት ሒዛ ተበጊሳ፡

ንግዳያት ሕማም መንሽሮ ዝሕከምሉን ዝውከሱሉን ሕክምና ሓበሬታ ምሃብ ።
ሞያዊ ምኽሪን ትምህርትን ንሕሙማት ምብርካት
ንሕሙማት ተራኺቦም ሓሳባቶም ክገልጽሉ ዝኽኣሉ ባይታ ምፍጣር
ጎስጎስን ሓበሬታን ብዛዕባ ፍወሳ ምክልኻልን ሕማም መንሽሮ ምብርካት
ብዓቕሚ ጉጁለ ፊናንስያዊ ሓገዝ ንሰኡናት ሕማም መንሽሮ ምግባር
ንክንቀሳቐሱ ዘይክእሉ ሕሙማት ኣብ መንበሪኦም ከይድካ ሞራላዊ ሓገዝን ምትብባዕን ምሃብ

ቪድዮ፡ ስርዓተ ምምራቕ ማእከል ምትሕግጋዝ ሕሙማን

እዞም ውፉያትን ሰብ ጽቡቕ ሕልናን ዝኾኑ ውልቀ ሰባት፤ ነዚ ሓሳብ ካብ ዝተቕበሉሉ እዋን ኣትሒዞም ብዝገበርዎ ዘይሕለል ጻዕሪ ኣብ ግንቦት 08, 2017 ንሕሙማን ካንሰር ብነጸ ተቐቢሉ ከማዕቁብ ዝኽእል ብዓል 9 ክፍሊ ዝኾነ ዓቢ ካንሸሎ ተኻርዮም ዘድሊ መሳለጥያታት ብምውዳድ ንኣገልግሎት ድሉው ገበርዎ። ማሕበር፤ ኣብዚ ማእከል ንዝተዓቖቡ ሕሙማን ነጻ ኣገልግሎት ይህብ።

ሳላ ዘይሕለል ጻዕሪ፤ እዛ ማሕበር ብዝገብረቶ ቀጻሊ ጎስጋስን ሓበሬታን፤ ብገንዘብ ኮነ ሞራላ ሓገዛት ኣብ ምሉእ ዓለም ዝርከቡ ኤርትራውያን ኣዎንታዊ ግብረ መልሲ ከበርክቱ ግዜ ግዜ ኣይወሰደን። ማሕበር ውን ብግዲኣ ኣጋጣሚታት ብምፍጣር ዝከኣላ ገንዘባዊ ሓገዝ ንምርካብ ክትነጥፍ ጀመረት። ብፍላይ ኣብ ወጻኢ ዝርከቡ ብዙሓን ኤርትራውያን ; ብውልቂ ኮን ብእኩብ ዝህብዎ ዘለዉ ግብረ መልሲ ንስነ ኣእምሮ ሕሙማን ዓቢ መስተርሆት እዩ ዝፈጥር ዘሎ።

ኣብ ዝተፈላያ ሃገራት ናይ ምትሕግጋዝ ጉጅለታት ተፈጢረን ድማ ይርከባ። ከም ኣብነት ናይ ኖርወይ፤ ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃን እስራኤልን ክንጠቅስ ንኽእል። ገለ ኣብዘን ዝተጠቕሳ ሃገራት ዝነብሩ ግዱሳን ኤርትራውያን ዝገበርዎ ንጥፈታት ኣብዚ ኣብ ታሕቲ ዘሪቡ ዘሎ ስእሊ ተመልከት።

ኖርወይ

ፕሪቶርያ, ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ

እስራኤል

ቪድዮ ፡ ኣብ ማእከል ምርሕግጋዝ ኤርትራውያን ሕሙማን መንሽሮ ካብ ዘለዉ ዝሃብዎ ምስክርነት

ካልኣይ ክፋል ይቕጽል

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Cancer is Killing Eritreans and the Eritrean Regime is Simply Watching (Part 2/2)

In my first part, I tried to elaborate the challenges Cancer patients are passing through. This second part will focus on the status of cancer in Eritrea, possible causes and political awareness needed to call the International community to act on the principle of basic human rights.

Cancer in Eritrea

Cancer is a global challenge. No country is immune to cancer. without a doubt, it is the most challenging health related issue for the 21thC and coming centuries for human kind. Today, cancer is the 2nd leading cause of world wide death. According to WHO reports, about 8.8 million people died in 2015. Though cancer is difficult to be cured, preventive measures can reduce cancer incidences by 30 to 50% by avoiding certain habits or not exposing to harmful radiation and/or chemicals. Developed countries are spending billions on research and development of methods to prevent and cure cancer. Because of cancer, the world is losing US$ 1.16 Trillion on cancer estimated costs.

Like all over the world, Eritrea is not free from cancer. But there is some uniqueness about this secretive and totalitarian state. Little is known about it to the world. Because of Eritrea’s secrecy and extreme censorship, it is almost impossible to get information in almost everything. Because of this, there is public awareness about health related problems. To the extreme and rare opportunity, some scientific publications are seldom are found here and there. After long time research, I came to find some important information by the help of search engines. These rare publications have lots of information

Though no concrete and official data are readily available to the public, these scientific publications are now coming with detailed information that reveals the extent of cancer in Eritrea. They are strong enough to enhance our consciousness and scope of understanding about the danger and extent of cancer in Eritrea.

According to a study conducted by Adom, H., et al., 2016, cancer is becoming a growing concern in Eritrea. A research conducted based on data collected from Management Information System of the Eritrean National Health Laboratory (ENHL), Ministry of Health, shows, 19,636 cancer cases were registered between 2000 to 2010 out of which 9,482 were positive. Women are found to be more prone to cancer than men. As it is given in the table below, 60.82% were found to be among the Eritreans diagnosed with positive cancer. Figure 1: Cancer Incidence in Eritrea from 2000 to 2010, Source: Adom H., et. al, 2016

What type of Cancer is killing Eritreans most?

For Eritreans, breast and ovary cancer among women are so prevalent and frustrating type. Almost any ordinary Eritrean has heard about it for the last 20 years. Thousands of women are victims and many of them have died after years of suffering.

What was not normal to hear two categories: (1) about men who suffer from cancer and (2) young girls to be victims of cancer. Cancer is becoming merciless disease for both sexes no matter to which age group they belong. Not only those who are already living with cancer, many Eritreans, as young as 15 years and as old as 70 years plus are under a risk of chronic cancer exposure.

The six most commonly occurring cancer types among men and women are bone, connective and connective tissue, skin, rectum, Oesophagues and colon cancer. However, breast cancer is dominant among women and prostate among men. The second most important cancer type in female and male were cervix uteri and prostate cancer. Bone Cancer is prevalent in both female and male. Ovary cancer is also more incident cancer type among females.

According to 2014 WHO Country Profile Report, 1,400 death report was registered for female and 800 for the male. Out of this 1,400 female, 25.6% death were caused by breast cancer, while cervix uteri and Ovary constitute 13.1% and 7.1% respectively.

Figure 2: Country Cancer Profile 2012 (Source click here)

As shown in Figure below, breast cancer is widespread among women of age greater than 60 years. At this time, many mothers of age between 40 to 45 are also exposed to breast cancer. The trend looks different for Cervix Uteri. Women of age between 40 to 50 years old seem to be more exposed to Cervix Uteri while women of age greater than 50 are less exposed. Leukaemia (commonly known as blood cancer), though not significant compared to other types. It is of a great concern as it is attacking men of age between 20 to 35 seriously. While breast cancer and Cervix Uteri are dominant among female, prostate, and leukaemia are in the male.

Figure 3: Age-Specific Incidence rate per 100,000 in 2000-2010, both sexes (Source: Adom, H., et. al., 2016).

Dominant Cancer Types and Their Possible Causes in Eritrea

If you can not read it, please click here Common Types of Cancer in Eritrea

Table 1: Cancer types and their cause

1. Contraception Pills

In general, use of contraception methods among women is believed to be one of the major sources of Cancer. Birth control methods like oral contraceptives birth control shot, birth control implant, skin patch, vaginal ring etc. are major causes f cancer among women.

Proper knowledge on how to use them is therefore vital to choose what type of contraception methods best serves in accordance the body immune system capabilities. If they are taken without proper medical advice and check, their consequence can be dangerous.

In Eritrea, let alone to have different choices, awareness about contraception methods is very low. For example, a 2002 ERITREA DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY shows that the mean number of methods known by all women was only 4.3% and the average national use was 8%.

It is now hard to deduce that Eritrean women use contraceptive methods blindly. It is not abnormal to see women simply exchange contraception pills (if they know anything about its existence) among themselves.

During my stay in Eritrea, I have witnessed unprofessional hospital/clinic nurses(workers) bring contraceptive pills from their work place and give to their friends without any medical check and inscription at the request of the user.

The most cancer types commonly associated with contraceptive pills are breast and ovary cancer. Today, breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting Eritrean women. According to 2014 report by WHO, there were about 370 deaths making it 39th in the world rank.

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Figure 5: Breast cancer

2. Dietary Habits or Diets

Eritrean diet system is highly dependent on cereal products and vegetables. Milk and milk products are also daily food diets though these days supply is very limited. It is hard to stay meat is consumed by the majority. In general, Eritrean diet habits are a balanced type with a complementary behavior. However, things are changing for the last 20 years.

At this time, Eritrean food habit system is changing because most of those traditional food and food products are not available. Milk and milk products are now almost non-exist or very expensive to buy. Fruits and fish are not in the habit of Eritrean diets with the exception of small geographical locations. Fruits are not widely available across the country and if they exist, they are very expensive. Though the country is blessed with 1200 km of sea coast and abundant fish resources, only about 2% of Eritreans consume fish.

Among dairy products, butter is believed to have cholesterol type which plays a positive role to protect breast cancer. Consuming organic butter increases body immune system. Especially saturated butter have strong anti-tumor and anti-cancer properties. It contains conjugated linoleic acid which has a strong character of an anti-cancer agent and immunity booster.

Before it became a luxury food and started to be consumed only for special occasions(such as wedding and holidays), it was a normal diet component in almost every house. As domestic animals diminished and cheap oil became available at the market, butter is replaced by processed oil. This has drastically changed food habits of most families.

Mothers who gave birth used to eat only butter prepared food for at least 12 days. Though it was consumed in the belief of its energy values, science has proved that it has a role to protect cancer by boosting their immune system. Newly married couples were also provided with butter prepared food for the entire period of their honeymoon. At this time, it is hard to be served with butter. And this could have added the risk of breast and ovary cancer in women.

Another diet which can have a negative effect is consumption of red meat. Though Eritreans have no habit of consuming raw red meat, some families might be affected by it to a certain extent.

In general, Eritreans are in the state of malnutrition. It is hard to get a balanced diet. In consequence, the immune system is getting weaker leading to cancer victimization.

Cancer types caused from unbalanced diets include – rectal, Oesophagues, connective and connective tissue, colon cancer and breast cancer.

3. Stress

A friend of mine sent me an important message about the effect of stress on cancer. To quote him-

“It is so disturbing to see many Eritreans are being diagnosed with cancer. You know I am reading a book by Dr. Leonardo Caldwell, balled one answer to cancer. He repeatedly talks the reason for getting cancer is stress, stress, and stress. He even openly advises for people not to do chemo or radiation, because he calls it a faster death. He recommends some ways to get out of your stress and other stuff. It sounds logical to me after reading most of the pages. If you can read the book, or listen to his youtube videos. I wish we can translate what he said and share it with others.”

I found his comments more relevant to the current condition of Eritreans. There are many reasons to live Eritreans in stress. There are so many reasons. Stress is becoming part of Eritrean life. There is economic stress, social stress, political stress and environmental stress. And research has proven that stress the main cause of cancer these days.

Studies in several countries have revealed that women in deprived areas have significantly higher rates of cervical cancer. Some of the types of cancer caused by stress include – breast cancer and Uteri Vertex cancer.

4. Consumption of Poorly Stored Cereal Grains

Improper storage of cereal grains such as sorghum, maize, millet wheat, groundnuts, lentils etc., are the major source of cancer causing fungus. These cancer causing fungi produce toxins called “Aflatoxins”. Major fungi that produce aflatoxins are Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus which strive in warm and humid areas. Grains stored improperly and for long period of time are the favorable condition for the multiplication of these fungi. Once consumed, the consumer can be exposed to cancer.

Eritrean diet solely depends on cereal grains. Since production is not sufficient, most of its demand is imported from countries like Sudan, Ethiopia(illegal importation) and India. To my knowledge, there no Food Quality Standards that puts strict regulation on Imported Foods with the exception of few. Importation is in bulk quantity. Before distribution, those imported cereals are stored in poorly constructed storage houses owned by Eritrean Board of Grains (EBG) throughout the country and privately owned small storage house. Sometimes, these grains are stored for years without reaching to the consumer.

I had a chance to enter some warehouses owned by Ministry of Agriculture. It was hard to stay inside for more than 30 minutes or more. The odor is so strong and stinking. There was no doubt that such kind of environment was convenient for fungus developments.

Other cereals are stored by business owners for marketing. Since price depends on season and yield, usually these business owners store grains for a longer period of time leaving them to be exposed to fungi attack. On high seasons, farmers could have some excess crops produced. These crops have no proper storage systems built leaving them exposed to fungi attack.

Crops which are sensitive to cancer causing fungi include maize, groundnuts, sorghum, wheat, lentils sesame, etc. As shown in Figure

Figure 6: Maize crops attacked by fungus

Figure 7: Groundnuts attacked by fungus

Cancer caused by these toxins produced by these fungi is a leading cause of death across the world. For example, Liver cancer(as shown in the figure below) is one of the prominent type caused by Aflatoxin.

Figure 8: Liver cancer

5. Exposure to Ultra-Violate Rays

It is not logical to say that Eritreans can be in danger from exposure to ultra-violate rays as they live most of their days exposed to direct sun rays. In general, because of adaptation to local environment, Eritreans have a skin pigment that can protect them from UV radiation. But it varies depending on the geographical location one used to live. Highland Eritrea is relatively cooler and the sun is not burning. In the other hand, lowland Eritrea is very hot and the sun is burning. UV rays are therefore more aggressive in the Highland than the lowland. A Highlander is therefore not able to resist lowland of Eritrea.

Though most Eritreans have settlements in their respective geographical location, due to military conscription and relocation, people are always moving from one area to the other. This movement exposes them to a different environment.

Eritrea has a forced military service system. To get training, all Eritreans are obliged to go the central military training center found in the lowland. Those who are coming from the Highland are new to such harsh climatic environment. Temperature is very high(usually greater than 35 degree Celsius and almost no trees. As a result, those who join the military training from the Highland are primary victims of UV rays.

Though exposure to sunlight can have a positive effect, if one is exposed for expanded duration, it can affect the immune system of the skin thereby causing skin cancer and connective and connective tissue cancer.

6. Exposure to Asbestos – ጀሶ

Almost any Eritrean uses Asbestos for many purposes. Besides being relatively cheap, it has many uses. No one can believe that this material has a substance that can cause cancer. I remember to keep asbestos in my house all the time. Many electricians and construction workers use it like any normal construction material. It is available in all construction equipment selling centers. They have neither special packaging material nor are stored properly. People who own construction selling centers are exposed on daily basis. What these people, including me and almost all Eritreans, are now aware is asbestos can cause cancer.

Asbestos is a known substance that causes different kinds of cancer. Some of the types of cancer caused by this carcinogen are mesothelioma( rare cancer that affects thin membranes found in the chest and abdomen), lung, larynx and ovary cancer. When the person who is exposed to Asbestos smokes, the probability of cancer is aggravated. Its effect can also be expanded to family members of workers/people exposed to asbestos.

To my knowledge, there is no rules or regulation that limits asbestos use. Countries like the USA have occupation Safety and Health Administration agency responsible for safety regulations that limit asbestos use. So far, Eritreans will continue to be exposed to asbestos until enough public awareness develops and the probability of being a victim will be there.

7. Exposure to Benzene

Many Eritreans are exposed to Benzene. People who work in garages, car drivers and some construction workers use it on daily basis without any safety. Workers in industries, garages, shoe manufacturing, gas stations and people who live around, construction areas, etc are exposed to benzene.

For the last 15 years, fuel has become a scarce resource. It almost not gets it from formal gas stations. As a result, many people are engaged in selling fuels illegally. Many family houses, garages, and secret stores became distribution centers. These fuels are either stored in barrels or jerricans. The materials used to hold fuel are not proper. Often, the place is contaminated by fuels spilled. These areas become polluted by these gases. Many people swallow fuels while pumping manually from one container to another.

What is not known to Eritreans is that fuels in general and benzene, in particular, the major cause of cancer called leukemia, a type of cancer commonly known as “blood cancer”. People exposed to high levels of benzene have a high probability of developing leukemia. Children are also easily affected by benzene to become a victim of childhood leukemia.

To my knowledge, there is no any government measures that work to reduce people’s exposure to this harmful substance. And people are not aware of its potential danger.

8. Smoke （ትኪ）

Researchers have proved that smoke is the main cause of cancer. But they are all based in a cigarette as a reference. Many Eritreans consume tobacco either in cigarette form or as it is. The primary victims are men as smoking is not common among women in Eritrea. What is most important is smoke that comes from wood burning in the family kitchen.

Eritrean families depend on firewood to cook food. As women are mainly engaged in food preparation, they become primary targets. Therefore, cigarette smoking might not have such much significant in Eritrea as that of smoke that comes from fire wood burned at home. In some areas, it is not easy to get firewood. Instead of cow dung cakes (ክቦ）is used in place of firewood. Smoke that comes from cow dung cakes has harmful gas called Polycyclic Aromatic carbons. This toxic gas has a potential cause to cause cancer.

Therefore, it is not the only cigarette that can cause cancer but indoor smoke can be a potential cause of cancer among Eritrean women.

Figure 9: Lung cancer

Cancer types associated with smoke are Lung, Breast Cancer, colon cancer, Oesophagues, prostate, rectal and Uteri Vertis.

9. Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol consumption in Eritrea is a special case. It is hard to say that Eritreans consume alcohol for many reasons. Commercial alcohol production is very low and expensive. What Eritreans consume most is therefore traditional beer made at home. Th percentage of alcohol of these home made beer is very low(approximately 5 to 6%). Unless it consumed at high volume, its side effect can not be considered very risk compared to those with high alcohol content. But there is another commercial alcohol product which is consumed widely

Eritrea produces very limited varieties of liquor. In fact, they are only four varieties. What is unique about these products is their alcohol content. They are around 40%. Before 2000, consumption of alcohol was low compared to beer. However, starting from 2000, the only existing beer making factory has reduced its beer production and people returned to Alcohol as alcohol which was relatively available in the market. This alcoholic consumption habit has affected many Eritreans.

Figure 10: Liquor types produced in Eritrea

Therefore, the change in habit of alcohol consumption could have an impact on the health of many Eritreans. Cancer caused by consuming alcohol include – breast cancer, Oesophagues, rectal cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer etc.

10. Early age Sexual Intercourse and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Though this subject is broad to deal with, in general, sexual habits of Eritreans is changing. Early sex is not unnormal today. Parallel to that, HIV/AIDS and other STDs are high these days.

For example, the study conducted by Adom, H. et al (2016) has found that cancer cases and HIV/AIDS infection were extremely high in 2005. The study has not explained why but one can learn that there is a direct correlation between HIV/AIDS and cancer. If there is any thing that can be said about 2005, it is the year of the health crisis in Eritrea.

Figure 11: 2005 Cancer and AIDS/HIV Crisis in Eritrea

What Happened in 2005?

Many Eritreans may remember 2005 as a year of rounding of thousands of Eritreans families, massive migration, forced payment of 50,000 Nakfa for anyone who flee the country illegally, restricted or no movement, noticeable change within the political system of PFDJ etc. In this year, coupon was introduced to distribute food ration in all major cities.

On the other hand, 2005 was a year of the health crisis. The highest number of HIV infected record and cancer cases boomed in this year. In 2004, It can be remembered as “Year of Eritrean Health Crisis

Conclusion

Cancer is increasingly affecting Eritreans. Since 2000, the number of positive cancer cases is growing. It is affecting all ages, male and female. No one is free today from cancer.

The causes are almost easy to predict. Eritreans should have full awareness on the possible causes of cancer. The right thing is to prevent cancer. Once affected, the probably of treating it is very low. To prevent cancer, Eritreans should change their life style.

Though the government is doing nothing, it has to introduce a campaign to enhance public awareness through all possible means.

WHO and other international agencies should help Eritrea to develop its capacity of introducing preventative measures. At the same time, there is a need to build infrastructure that treats cancer inside Eritrea. Going abroad for treatment is extremely expensive for Eritreans. In addition, the life of the whole family is affected.

Those who are taking treatment in Sudan, keep your strong spirit. Cancer is more of psychological. The more you stay strong, the more you have a chance of curing. Yordanos Tesfay is a good example.

Message to those who are helping cancer victims in Sudan

I have a message to those who are working hard to help cancer victims in Sudan: BRAVO. You are hope of life. May you have guidance from the Almighty. You humanistic solidarity is more than anything.

To my fellow fighters for justice:

Let us unite. Health is basic human right. Let us make our voices heard.

What are your thoughts on this? Which one do you think is the biggest reason creating this problem?